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. 2020 Jun 1;3(4):563–582. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00003

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Post-translational phosphorylative signaling. PKA is the main downstream effector of β-AR signaling. CaMKII responds primarily to the local Ca2+ environment. Phosphorylation of RyR2 by PKA and CAMKII increases the Po. Current evidence suggests serine 2808 is the primary target of PKA although evidence also exists for CaMKII. Serine 2814 is a CaMKII phosphor-specific site. PLN is phosphorylated by both PKA and CaMKII, releasing SERCA2a from PLN inhibition, increasing Ca2+ uptake and contractile strength. Both PKA and CaMKII can phosphorylate the LTCC increasing the inward Ca2+ current. PKA-dependent phosphorylation of both TnI and cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) exert lusitropic effects, accelerating relaxation.