Immunostaining for the presence of p53, PHLDA3, and cCASP3 (brown staining) as markers of the p53 signaling pathway and apoptosis in the HA (A,C,E) and AA (B,D,F) follicles (n = 6, ovaries). (A,B) Representative immunostaining of p53, (C,D) PHLDA3, (E,F) cCASP3, and (G,H) negative controls. Immunostaining of p53, PHLDA3, and cCASP3 was faint to absent in granulosa cells of HA follicle, but moderate to strong in granulosa cells of AA follicles. Staining was faint to absent in theca cells. Insets show a detail of the granulosa layer. Granulosa cells are indicated by asterisks, theca cells by an arrowhead. Scale bars represent 50 µm. HA, healthy antral follicles; AA, atretic antral follicles. cCASP3, cleaved caspase 3.