| DOP | Diabetic osteoporosis |
| CS | Chondroitin sulfate |
| OPG | Osteoprotegerin |
| RANKL | Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand |
| RUNX2 | Runt-related transcription factor 2 |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |
| CAT | Catalase |
| SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| GSH-Px | Glutathione peroxidase |
| AGEs | Advanced glycation end products |
| OS | Oxidative stress |
| CTX-1 | Cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen |
| P1NP | Procollagen I N-terminal propeptide |
| BMSCs | Bone marrow stromal cells |
| ALP | Alkaline phosphatase |
| TRACP 5b | Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b |