Table 2.
Variables | Model 1 (Control) | Model 2 (Hypothesis 1) | Model 3 (Hypothesis 2) | Model 4 (Hypothesis 3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | −0.06 * | −0.07 ** | −0.05 | −0.05 |
Age | 0.09 ** | 0.05 * | 0.04 | 0.02 |
Countries | 0.011 ** | 0.10 ** | 0.07 ** | 0.07 ** |
Faculty | −0.25 ** | −0.20 ** | −0.17 ** | −0.17 ** |
Covid-19 Pandemic Perception | −0.13 ** | −0.11 ** | −0.09 ** | |
Psychological Need Satisfaction | 0.35 ** | 0.22 ** | 0.18 ** | |
Proactiveness | 0.29 ** | 0.20 ** | ||
Optimism | 0.16 ** | |||
R-square | 0.076 | 0.235 | 0.302 | 0.315 |
Adjusted R-square | 0.072 | 0.230 | 0.296 | 0.309 |
Std. Error | 0.79 | 0.72 | 0.68 | 0.68 |
F-value | 18.88 ** | 47.17 ** | 56.84 ** | 52.95 ** |
** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05. Beta coefficients are standardized.