BCR	B cell receptor
BMP	Bone morphogenetic protein
DFG	Asparagine-phenylalanine-glycine
GM-CSF	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
HH	Hedgehog
IC50	Half maximal inhibitory concentration
IHH	Indian hedgehog
IL	Interleukin
IL1RN	Interleukin-1 antagonist (gene and cDNA)
IL-23R	Interleukin-23 receptor
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
MAP3K7	Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 (also known as TAK1)
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
M-CSF	Macrophage colony-stimulating factor
MMP	Matrix metalloprotease
MSCs	Mesenchymal stem cells
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NK	Natural killer cells
NSAID	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
p38	Protein with molecular weight 38 kDa
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PTHrP	Parathyroid hormone-related protein
ROR-γt	Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma T
RUNX-2	Runt-related transcription factor-2
SCX	Scleraxis
SOX9	Sex-determining region Y-box 9
TAB	TAK1 binding protein
TAK1	TGF-β-activated kinase-1
TCR	T cell receptor
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-β
THP-1	Tohoku hospital pediatrics-1
TLR	Toll-like-receptor
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha