Table 2.
Plasma levels of methylamines and NO-related metabolites at 12 weeks of age.
| Groups | CV | HFR | CT | HRT | HRD | HRTD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methylamines | ||||||
| TMA (ng/mL) | 174 ± 13 | 209 ± 6 * | 200 ± 12 | 210 ± 13 | 172 ± 15 | 212 ± 17 |
| TMAO (ng/mL) | 252 ± 19 | 234 ± 17 | 244 ± 13 | 219 ± 14 | 262 ± 10 ‡ | 247 ± 24 |
| DMA (ng/mL) | 96 ± 5 | 107 ± 4 | 92 ± 4 # | 88 ± 3 # | 87 ± 3 # | 114 ± 10 ‡,§ |
| NO-related metabolites | ||||||
| Citrulline (μM) | 62.7 ± 4.5 | 80.4 ± 8.4 | 65.3 ± 6 | 61.4 ± 6.7 | 44.8 ± 6.7 # | 50.1 ± 3.8 # |
| Arginine (μM) | 195 ± 14 | 214 ± 22 | 161 ± 16 | 172 ± 16 | 137 ± 13 *,# | 211 ± 19 § |
| ADMA (μM) | 1.5 ± 0.12 | 2.6 ± 0.25 * | 3.1 ± 0.2 * | 2 ± 0.25 † | 1.3 ± 0.21 #,†,‡ | 2.5 ± 0.18*,§ |
| SDMA (μM) | 0.6 ± 0.09 | 1.9 ± 0.26 * | 1.4 ± 0.29 * | 1.4 ± 0.28 * | 0.7 ± 0.17 #,‡ | 2.3 ± 0.45*,§ |
| Arginine-to-ADMA ratio | 137 ± 17 | 85 ± 7 * | 51 ± 5 *,# | 93 ± 14 † | 147 ± 43 | 88 ± 8 *,† |
CV = control rat received regular diet and vehicle; HFR = rats received high-fructose diet; CT = rat received regular diet and TCDD exposure; HRT = rats received high-fructose diet and TCDD exposure; HRD = rats received high-fructose diet and DMB treatment; HRDT = rats received high-fructose diet, TCDD exposure, and DMB treatment; TMA = trimethylamine; TMAO = trimethylamine N-oxide; DMA = dimethylamine; ADMA = asymmetric dimethylarginine; SDMA = symmetric dimethylarginine; n = 8/group. * p< 0.05 vs. CV; # p < 0.05 vs. HFR; † p < 0.05 vs. CT; ‡ p < 0.05 vs. HRT; § p < 0.05 vs. HRD.