AAAs	Aromatic amino acids
AGRP	Agouti-related protein
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BCAAs	Branched-chained amino acids
BMI	Body mass index
CCK	Cholecystokinin
DRM	Disease-related malnutrition
E3	Ubiquitin protein ligase
EWGSOP2	European working group on sarcopenia in older people
GH	Growth hormone
GLIM	Global leadership initiative on malnutrition
GLP-1	Glucagon like peptide-1
HBV	Chronic hepatitis B virus
HCV	Chronic hepatitis C virus
IGF-1	Insulin-like growth factor
IGT	Impaired glucose tolerance
IL-1 β	Interleukin 1 beta
IL-12	Interleukin 12
IL-6	Interleukin 6
kDa	Kilo-dalton
MAFbx	Muscle atrophy F-box
MHC	Myosin heavy chain
MSS	Malnutrition sarcopenia syndrome
mTORC1	Mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1
MuRF-1	Muscle specific ring-finger protein 1
NASH	Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
NPY	Neuropeptide Y
PAMPs	Pathogen associated molecular patterns
PBC	Primary biliary cholangitis
PP	Pancreatic polypeptide
PSC	Primary sclerosing cholangitis
PYY	Peptide YY
REE	Resting energy expenditure
SIBO	Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
SNS	Sympathetic nervous system
TCA	Tricarboxylic acid cycle
TEE	Total energy expenditure
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor beta
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
UPP	Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
UPS	Ubiquitin-proteasome system