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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 18.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2019 Dec 26;232:119740. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119740

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Four typical designs of MN-based sensors. (a) HMNs topped with a specific sensor, (b) electrochemical electrode incorporated HMNs, (c) surface-functionalized and (d) metalized SMNs. (e-i) Working mechanisms of different MN sensors: colorimetry, immunoassay, nucleic acid recognition, and electrochemistry.