Table 2.
Analytes detected by various MN sensors.
| Analyte | Sensor structure | Detection method | Test subject | Detection site | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose | Hydrogel SMNs | Glucose assay kit | Mouse | Off device | [34] |
| Metal HMN + Paper sensor | Colorimetry | Rabbit | On device | [89] | |
| Si HMNs + Sensor | Electrochemistry | Human | On device | [40] | |
| Metal SMNs + PEDOT | Electrochemistry | - | On MN | [60] | |
| Cholesterol | Hydrogel SMNs | Cholesterol assay kit | Mouse | Off device | [34] |
| Metal HMNs + Paper sensor | Colorimetry | Rabbit | On device | [89] | |
| Glutamate | Polymer HMNs + SMNs | Electrochemistry | - | On MN | [58] |
| Lactate | Polymer HMNs + Carbon paste | Electrochemistry | - | On MN | [42,43] |
| Polymer SMNs + MWCNTs | Electrochemistry | - | On MN | [62] | |
| Influenza IgG | Si SMNs + Antigen | ELISA | Mouse/Swine | On MN | [49,121,128] |
| NS1 Protein | Si MNs + Antibody | ELISA | Mouse | On MN | [119] |
| Pf HRP2 | Si MNs + Antibody | ELISA | Mouse | On MN | [122] |
| IL-lα, IL-6, TNF-α | Polymer SMNs + Antibodies | ELISA-blotting method | Mouse skin, Ex vivo | On MN | [126] |
| Polymer SMNs + PhC barcodes | ELISA + Spectra | Sepsis mouse | On MN | [127] | |
| Myoglobin; Troponin |
Polymer HMNs + Immunoelectrodes | Electrochemical immunoassay | - | On MN | [109] |
| Ascorbic acid | Polymer HMNs + Carbon fibers | Electrochemistry | - | On MN | [66] |
| K+ | Polymer HMNs + ISE | Electrochemistry | - | On device | [115] |
| Metal SMN + ISE | Electrochemistry | Chicken/porcine skin, Ex vivo | On MN | [170] | |
| NO | Polymer SMNs + Hemin + Endomicroscopy | Electrochemistry | Melanoma mouse | On MN | [50] |
| Metal SMN + FGPC | Electrochemistry | Rat | On MN | [142] | |
| pH | Metal SMN + BDD | Electrochemistry | Mouse stomach, Ex vivo | On MN | [145] |
| Metal SMN + ZnO | Electrochemistry | Mouse | On MN | [67] | |
| Polymer SMN + IrOx | Electrochemistry | Rat heart, Ex vivo | On MN | [130] | |
| H2O2 | Metal SMN + Pt/rGO | Electrochemistry | Mouse | On MN | [[149] |
| Alcohol | Polymer HMNs + Electrodes | Electrochemistry | Mouse skin, Ex vivo | On device | [44] |
| Vancomycin | Metal HMNs + Peptide | ELISA-optofluidic detection | - | On device | [110] |
| β-Lactam Antibiotic | Polymer SMNs + g-lactamase | Electrochemistry | - | On MN | [51] |
| Organophosphate | Polymer HMNs + Carbon paste | Electrochemistry | Mouse stomach, Ex vivo | On device | [44, 46] |
| Levodopa | Porcine skin, Ex vivo | [48] | |||
| Tyrosinase | [47] | ||||
| DNA-210 | Polymer SMNs + PNA oligomers | PNA hybridization | Human skin, Ex vivo | On MN | [56] |
| T cell | Polymer SMNs + Antigen Nano capsules | Immune response | Human skin, Ex vivo | Off device | [108] |