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. 2020 Jun 4;19(7):e13169. doi: 10.1111/acel.13169

Figure 4.

Figure 4

LM‐031 rescues spatial working memory, spatial learning, and memory in STZ‐treated 3 × Tg‐AD mice. (a) Experimental flow chart. Blood glucose (BG) and body weight (BW) were measured on days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29. Mice were i.p. injected with streptozocin (STZ, 100 mg/kg) or vehicle (0.1 M sodium citrate pH4.5) on days 2, 3, 9, and 10, and then with LM‐031 (40 mg/kg) or vehicle (DMSO:Cremophor EL:0.9% saline = 1:2:7) from days 15 to 36. Open‐field, Y‐maze and Morris water maze tasks were performed on days 24, 26, and 29–36, respectively. Mice in– STZ, STZ, and STZ/LM‐031 groups received vehicle, STZ, and STZ + LM‐031, respectively, during the course of the experiment. (b) Y‐maze measurement of spontaneous alternation rate in 8 min of testing period. (c) Morris water maze testing of latency to find the hidden platform (latency) in training and testing and duration in target quadrant in probe trials (2 and 48 hr). p values, STZ versus – STZ mice or STZ/LM‐031 versus STZ mice. # and *: p < .05, ## and **: p < .01, and ***: p < .001. (one‐way ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey test)