Table 1.
Characteristics of children included in the study (n = 180)
| Girls (N = 88) | Boys (N = 92) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myopica (N = 49) | Non-myopicb (N = 39) | Myopica (N = 37) | Non-myopicb (N = 55) | |||||||||
| Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | |
| Age (years) | 10.43 | 4.06 | 4–17 | 8.31 | 3.32 | 4–17 | 10.89 | 3.72 | 4–17 | 8.31 | 3.65 | 4–18 |
| BMIc Z-score | 0.21 | 1.47 | − 3.60–3.57 | 0.22 | 0.92 | −1.27–2.03 | −0.02 | 1.50 | −5.03–2.45 | −0.03 | 1.31 | −3.38–2.45 |
| Sphere right eye (D) | −2.62 | 2.57 | −8.50–1.50 | 0.94 | 0.89 | 0.00–2.75 | −3.37 | 2.78 | −12.00–0.00 | 1.01 | 0.92 | 0.00–2.75 |
| Sphere left eye (D) | −2.62 | 2.91 | −10.25–2.25 | 0.88 | 0.86 | 0.00–2.5 | −3.21 | 2.77 | −9.75–0.00 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.00–2.75 |
| Outdoor time (hr/day) | 2.48 | 1.40 | 0.57–6.43 | 2.63 | 1.38 | 1.28–7.14 | 2.31 | 1.22 | 0.57–5.86 | 2.89 | 1.65 | 1.00–7.14 |
| Reading (hr/day) | 0.73 | 0.21 | 0.50–1.00 | 0.68 | 0.21 | 0.50–1.00 | 0.71 | 0.20 | 0.50–1.00 | 0.65 | 0.20 | 0.50–1.00 |
| Screens (hr/day) | 2.63 | 0.61 | 1.00–4.00 | 2.29 | 0.48 | 1.00–3.25 | 2.78 | 0.57 | 2.00–4.00 | 2.47 | 0.53 | 0.50–3.50 |
| Refined carbohydrates consumption (frequency/week) | 41.94 | 13.56 | 13.00–86.00 | 35.04 | 11.06 | 10.00–53.50 | 35.03 | 12.04 | 0.50–56.00 | 40.78 | 10.98 | 11.50–56.50 |
aMyopic on one or both eyes (D < 0)
bNon myopic on both eyes (0 ≤ D < 3)
cBMI Body mass index