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. 2020 Aug 17;11:65. doi: 10.1186/s13229-020-00366-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — MSC-exo ameliorates the social interaction and communication autistic domains of Shank3B KO mice. a Male-to-male social interaction was significantly improved in the MSC-exo-treated Shank3B KO mice, compared with their saline-treated littermates. b Repetitive behaviors of grooming and digging were significantly reduced in the MSC-exo-treated Shank3B KO mice compared with their saline-treated littermates. c Though not statistically significant, MSC-exo-treated Shank3B KO mice presented more UVs compared to their saline-treated littermates. Interestingly, while all WT mice were vocalizing, only 10% of the saline-treated mice and 40% of the MSC-exo-treated mice were vocalizing. d Representation of the spectrogram of the vocalizations of each group. One-way ANOVA followed with Bonferroni correction was done for behavioral and vocal tests analysis. Pie charts represent the percentages of vocalizing vs non-vocalizing mice in each group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM and scatterplot. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001