TABLE 4.
Adjusted demographic and clinical association with any, alcohol and cannabis use disorders. (N = 248).
| Variable | Any SUD (R2 = 0.26) |
Alcohol (R2 = 0.16) |
Cannabis (R2 = 0.24) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18-29(ref) | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) |
| 30-44 | 0.9 | (0.4 - 1.8) | 0.8 | (0.4 - 1.5) | 0.6 | (0.3 - 1.1) |
| 45-65 | 0.6 | (0.2 - 1.9) | 1.0 | (0.3 - 3.5) | 1.0 | (0.3 - 3.1) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male:Female | 3.9*** | (1.9 - 8.3) | 2.8** | (1.3 - 6.0) | 4.7*** | (2.0 - 11.1) |
| Ethicity | ||||||
| Mixed race (coloured) (ref) | - | - | - | - | 1 | (ref) |
| Black | - | - | - | - | 0.5 | (0.2 - 1.1) |
| Caucasian | - | - | - | - | 0.7 | (0.2 - 2.2) |
| Other | - | - | - | - | 1.2 | (0.2 - 6.8) |
| Education | ||||||
| ≤ 7 | 1 | (ref) | - | - | 1 | (ref) |
| 8-11 | 0.6 | (0.2 - 1.5) | - | - | 0.5 | (0.2 - 1.3) |
| 12 | 0.6 | (0.2 - 1.8) | - | - | 0.4 | (0.1 - 1.0) |
| > 12 | 0.6 | (0.2 - 2.3) | - | - | 0.1* | (0.0 - 0.8) |
| Employed | - | - | - | - | 0.8 | (0.4 - 1.7) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Never married | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | - | - |
| Married or cohabiting | 0.7 | (0.3 - 1.9) | 0.7 | (0.2 - 2.0) | - | - |
| Previously married | 1.0 | (0.3 - 3.8) | 0.3 | (0.1 - 1.7) | - | - |
| Diagnosis | ||||||
| Schizophrenia spectrum disorder† | 1 | (ref) | - | - | 1 | (ref) |
| Bipolar type I disorder | 1.1 | (0.5 - 2.5) | - | - | 1.7 | (0.7 - 4.0) |
| Schizoaffective disorder | 0.9 | (0.3 - 2.4) | - | - | 0.9 | (0.3 - 2.9) |
| Substance induced psychotic disorder | 12.0*** | (3.3 - 43.6) | - | - | 3.3* | (1.1 - 9.4) |
| Lifetime MDE | 0.5 | (0.2 - 1.2) | - | - | 0.9 | (0.4 - 2.4) |
| Lifetime MDE symptoms | - | - | 1.6 | (0.7 - 3.3) | - | - |
| Lifetime anxiety symptoms | - | - | 2.5* | (1.2 - 5.1) | 0.5 | (0.2 - 1.1) |
| Suicidality | ||||||
| No ideation | - | - | 1 | (ref) | - | - |
| Ideation or plan | - | - | 1.0 | (0.4 - 2.5) | - | - |
| Attempt | - | - | 3.3* | (1.1 - 9.8) | - | - |
| Legal involvement | ||||||
| No arrests | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) | 1 | (ref) |
| Serious violent crime | 3.2* | (1.0 - 9.8) | 1.6 | (0.6 - 4.5) | 2.0 | (0.7 - 5.7) |
| Major crime | 2.7 | (0.9 - 8.4) | 2.3 | (0.8 - 7.0) | 3.5* | (1.2 - 10.2) |
| Other crime | 11.9*** | (3.4 - 42.2) | 2.8* | (1.2 - 6.5) | 3.4** | (1.5 - 8.0) |
| Study and setting | ||||||
| CIAM study (outpatients) | - | - | 1 | (ref) | - | - |
| PRP study (inpatients) | - | - | 1.6 | (0.8 - 3.2) | - | - |
| SIP study (inpatients) | - | - | 0.3* | (0.1 - 0.9) | - | - |
***
p < 0.001,
**
p < 0.01,
*
p < 0.05.
†
, Schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, brief psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder NOS.
R2, general coefficient of determination, (McFadden’s R2).
Omitted variables did not reach significance at p < 0.10, and were not entered into models.