Table 2.
Baseline cardiac characteristics of the study cohort and by the whole cohort and by timing subgroups.
| Characteristic, median (IQR)a | Whole cohort (n = 107) | Early user group (n = 70) | Late user group (n = 37) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concomitant heart failure medications | ||||
| Diuretics, n (%) | 75 (70%) | 50 (71%) | 25 (68%) | .67 |
| Beta blockers, n (%) | 60 (56%) | 39 (56%) | 21 (57%) | .91 |
| Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 14 (13%) | 10 (14%) | 4 (11%) | .6 |
| ACE inhibitors/ARBs, n (%) | 25 (23%) | 20 (29%) | 5 (14%) | .07 |
| Amiodarone, n (%) | 7 (7%) | 2 (3%) | 5 (14%) | .04 |
| Electrocardiogram rhythm (n = 99) | ||||
| Sinus rhythm | 39 (39%) | 24 (36%) | 15 (45.5%) | .76 |
| Atrial flutter/fibrillation | 47 (48%) | 32 (48%) | 15 (45.5%) | |
| Paced | 9 (9%) | 7 (11%) | 2 (6%) | |
| Other | 4 (4%) | 3 (5%) | 1 (3%) | |
| Echocardiogram | ||||
| IVS (mm) | 14 (12–16) | 14 (12–16) | 14 (11–16) | .66 |
| EF (%), median (IQR) | 53 (36–62) | 50 (33–61) | 55 (39–63) | .23 |
| Cardiac index, L/min/m2, median (IQR) (n = 93) | 2.6 (2.1–3.1) | 2.5 (2.1–3.1) | 2.6 (2.0–2.9) | .79 |
| LV Stroke volume index, cc/m2, median (IQR) (n = 85) | 35 (26–41) | 34 (24–40) | 36 (28–43) | .38 |
| Global average LV strain, (%), median (IQR) (n = 43) | −11[(−8)–(−15)] | −11 [(−9)–(−14)] | −12 [(−8)–(−15)] | .78 |
| Hemodynamic parameters | ||||
| Heart rate, beat/min | 84 (67–109) | 81 (67–111) | 88 (65–105) | .81 |
| SBP, mmHg, median (IQR) | 105 (93–118) | 104 (92–118) | 105 (94–117) | .77 |
| DBP, mmHg, median (IQR) | 64 (59–71) | 63 (60–70) | 68 (58–75) | .59 |
| Cardiac biomarkers | ||||
| Troponin T, ng/mL, median (IQR) (n = 89) | 0.06 (0.02–0.13) | 0.07 (0.02–0.15) | 0.05 (<0.01–0.11) | .2 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL, median (IQR) (n = 70) | 5738 (2203–11152) | 6241 (2209–13652) | 5423 (2128–8292) | .55 |
a
obtained at time of AL amyloidosis diagnosis for the early user group and at the time of digoxin initiation in the late user group.
ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; EF: ejection fraction; IQR: interquartile range; IVS: interventricular septum; LV: left ventricle; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide; SBP: systolic blood pressure.
Bold value signifies the statistical significance at p < .05.