Table 4.
Multivariable random–effects logistic regression of factors associated with ART utilization in HIV positive caregivers of orphans and vulnerable children in Tanzania, 2018
| Covariate | All (N = 74,999) | Women (N = 54,170) | Men (N = 20,829) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio (OR) | 95% Confidence Interval (CI) | Odds ratio (OR) | 95% Confidence Interval (CI) | Odds ratio (OR) | 95% Confidence Interval (CI) | ||||
| Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | Lower Limit | Upper Limit | ||||
| Caregiver sex | |||||||||
| Female | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Male | 0.92 | 0.83 | 1.02 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Age group (in Years) | |||||||||
| 19–29 | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| 30–39 | 1.11 | 0.94 | 1.31 | 1.05 | 0.87 | 1.27 | **1.63 | 1.13 | 2.35 |
| 40–49 | **1.18 | 1.00 | 1.40 | 1.06 | 0.88 | 1.28 | ***2.04 | 1.42 | 2.92 |
| 50–59 | 1.16 | 0.97 | 1.39 | 0.99 | 0.80 | 1.22 | ***2.14 | 1.47 | 3.12 |
| 60+ | 0.86 | 0.71 | 1.04 | **0.70 | 0.56 | 0.87 | **1.71 | 1.16 | 2.52 |
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married or living together | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Divorced or separated | 0.96 | 0.85 | 1.09 | 0.93 | 0.81 | 1.07 | 1.00 | 0.77 | 1.29 |
| Never been married | 0.91 | 0.77 | 1.08 | *0.84 | 0.70 | 1.02 | 1.50 | 0.87 | 2.61 |
| Widowed | 0.95 | 0.85 | 1.06 | 0.95 | 0.84 | 1.08 | 0.93 | 0.73 | 1.17 |
| Education attained | |||||||||
| Never been to school | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Primary | ***1.26 | 1.13 | 1.41 | ***1.27 | 1.12 | 1.45 | **1.30 | 1.04 | 1.62 |
| Secondary or higher | 1.09 | 0.86 | 1.38 | 1.12 | 0.85 | 1.48 | 1.08 | 0.68 | 1.72 |
| Wealth Quintile | |||||||||
| Lowest (Q1) | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Second | ***1.39 | 1.20 | 1.61 | **1.31 | 1.11 | 1.54 | ***1.98 | 1.42 | 2.78 |
| Middle | **0.84 | 0.74 | 0.95 | **0.83 | 0.72 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.71 | 1.21 |
| Fourth | **0.88 | 0.77 | 1.00 | *0.87 | 0.75 | 1.01 | 1.10 | 0.86 | 1.40 |
| Highest (Q5) | 0.98 | 0.85 | 1.13 | 0.91 | 0.77 | 1.09 | *1.26 | 0.99 | 1.61 |
| Place of residence | |||||||||
| Rural | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Urban | ***0.70 | 0.61 | 0.81 | ***0.69 | 0.59 | 0.80 | **0.72 | 0.56 | 0.91 |
| Household food security status | |||||||||
| Insecure | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Secure | ***1.29 | 1.15 | 1.45 | **1.23 | 1.07 | 1.41 | ***1.61 | 1.28 | 2.03 |
| Family has health insurance (CHF/TIKA)? | |||||||||
| No | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Yes | **1.19 | 1.04 | 1.36 | 1.09 | 0.94 | 1.28 | **1.43 | 1.11 | 1.83 |
| Mentally or physically disabled? | |||||||||
| No | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Yes | ***0.58 | 0.45 | 0.76 | **0.68 | 0.48 | 0.97 | ***0.37 | 0.23 | 0.58 |
| Number of Caregivers = 74,999; Number of Villages = 5532; min = 1, avg. = 13.6, max = 455; Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.40 | Number of Caregivers = 54,170; Number of Villages = 5258; min = 1, avg. = 10.3, max = 358; Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.40 | Number of Caregivers = 20,829; Number of Villages = 4147; min = 1, avg. = 5.0, max = 136; Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.44 | |||||||
Significance: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.050, *p < 0.10