Age (mean ± SEM) |
62 ± 3.7 years [6, 28-39] |
65.1 ± 3.9 years [6, 12, 15-27] |
Male to female ratio |
8/4 |
12/3 |
Site of involvement |
|
|
|
Jejunum (40%) |
The left colon (44%) |
|
Ileum (7%) |
Transverse colon (11%) |
Clinical presentations |
|
|
|
Abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction (33%) [6, 28, 29, 31, 33-36] |
Rectal bleeding (37%) [15, 20-23], followed by abdominal pain (11%) [15, 20] and anemia [18] |
Colonoscopic findings |
|
|
|
Thickening of the wall (18%) [28-32, 39]; polyps and polypoid mucosal protrusions (11%) [37-39]; ulcerations (7%) [34, 36]; friability and nodularity of the mucosa (7%) [30, 36], and perforation (3%) [33]. |
Mass lesions (tumor-like lesion, polypoid protrusions, and polyps) with narrowing were the most common (29%) [12, 15-18, 21]. Ulcerations with solitary or multiple ulcers (14%) [20, 22, 25-27], thickening of the wall (7%) [20, 27], nodularity and friability of the mucosa (2%) [23, 24, 26], and perforation (3%) [20]. |
Histological features |
|
|
|
Amyloid deposits; increased density of mixed inflammatory cells in the lamina propria; light chain protein [21, 34]. |
Amyloid deposits; increased density of mixed inflammatory cells in the lamina propria; foreign body giant cell reaction; amyloid angiopathy; necrotizing angiitis; focal active colitis; and immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) [16, 23, 24]. |