Table 3.
Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between patients with EGVB with probiotics cohort and non-probiotics cohort.
| Variables | Before propensity matching | After propensity matching | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Probiotics cohort (n=214) | Non-probiotics cohort (n=490) | P-value | Probiotics cohort (n=200) | Non-probiotics cohort (n=200) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 53.1±10.9 | 51.6±10.7 | 0.098 | 53.4±11.0 | 51.2±10.9 | 0.048 |
| Sex (Male/Female) | 146/68 | 350/140 | 0.391 | 67/133 | 56/144 | 0.233 |
| Etiology (HBV/HCV/Alcohol/Alcohol+HBV/Other) | 94/21/47/9/43 | 250/42/83/44/71 | <0.001 | 92/20/41/8/39 | 81/19/48/14/38 | 0.082 |
| Comorbidity index (0/1/≥2) | 147/44/23 | 342/113/35 | 0.043 | 138/39/23 | 128/52/20 | 0.157 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy (yes/no) | 41/173 | 49/441 | 0.001 | 34/166 | 27/173 | 0.330 |
| Bacterial infection (yes/no) | 140/173 | 248/242 | <0.001 | 128/72 | 110/90 | 0.067 |
| Previous variceal bleeding (yes/no) | 58/156 | 195/295 | 0.001 | 54/146 | 82/118 | 0.003 |
| Location of varices (esophageal/gastric/esophageal and gastric) | 37/6/171 | 93/11/386 | 0.726 | 36/6/158 | 48/5/147 | 0.225 |
| Child-Pugh class (A/B/C) | 33/135/46 | 131/308/51 | <0.001 | 30/131/39 | 41/124/35 | 0.293 |
| MELD score | 11.0 (9.0–14.0) | 10.0 (9.0–13.0) | 0.033 | 11.0 (9.0–14.0) | 11.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.394 |
| ALT (U/L) | 26.8 (18.7–40.4) | 24.9 (17.5–38.7) | 0.125 | 26.2 (18.8–39.9) | 24.6 (17.3–39.3) | 0.189 |
| AST (U/L) | 34.2 (24.6–53.6) | 30.4 (22.0–46.2) | 0.011 | 33.5 (24.5–52.7) | 31.2 (22.0–49.7) | 0.191 |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 21.8 (14.7–37.1) | 19.2 (12.9–29.5) | 0.002 | 21.7 (14.5–33.9) | 22.1 (12.9–34.1) | 0.571 |
| GGT (U/L) | 28.3 (15.3–65.4) | 25.9 (15.3–52.8) | 0.189 | 27.2 (14.9–62.9) | 30.2 (17.0–59.1) | 0.553 |
| ALB (g/L) | 28.7±5.5 | 30.6±5.8 | <0.001 | 28.4 (24.2–32.4) | 29.8 (26.4–33.4) | 0.009 |
| CREA (μmol/L) | 5.2 (52.9–76.9) | 65.0 (53.6–78.0) | 0.898 | 64.3 (52.4–75.4) | 62.1 (50.9–77.9) | 0.620 |
| GLU (mmol/L) | 9.1 (7.0–12.0) | 8.2 (6.5–11.0) | 0.006 | 9.1 (7.0–11.8) | 8.3 (6.5–11.5) | 0.128 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 4.8 (3.2–7.0) | 4.1 (2.7–6.3) | 0.020 | 4.8 (3.2–7.0) | 4.3 (2.8–6.5) | 0.260 |
| NLR | 4.3 (3.0–6.7) | 3.9 (2.6–6.2) | 0.038 | 4.3 (3.0–6.7) | 4.1 (2.6–6.0) | 0.183 |
| HGB (g/L) | 79.2 (62.2–95.0) | 78.6 (62.2–96.1) | 0.714 | 79.2 (62.2–95.0) | 78.1 (59.3–95.8) | 0.790 |
| PLT (×109/L) | 59.0 (45.3–78.9) | 60.0 (43.4–80.0) | 0.927 | 59.0 (45.7–78.7) | 63.0 (43.4–81.8) | 0.570 |
| INR | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 0.621 | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 0.245 |
| Secondary prophylaxis (yes/no) | 200/14 | 456/34 | 0.848 | 186/14 | 190/10 | 0.400 |
HBV – hepatitis B virus; HCV – hepatitis C virus; MELD – model for end-stage liver disease; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; TBIL – total bilirubin; GGT-γ – glutamyl transferase; ALB – albumin; CREA – creatinine; GLU – glucose; WBC – white blood cell; NLR – neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; HGB – hemoglobin; PLT – platelet; INR– international normalized ratio. Data are presented as number, mean±SD, or median (IQR).