Table 3.

Bacterial symbioses present in the guts of Diptera

Host Species	Host family	Symbionts	Symbiont type	Symbiont locality	Symbiont transmission	Symbiont services	Reference
Drosophila melanogaster	Drosophilidae	Acetobacter thailandicus, Lactobacillus plantarum	Facultative	Foregut diverticulum	Food substrate	Nutrient synthesis, Immune system priming	Ryu et al. 2008, Pais et al. 2018, Storelli et al. 2018
Bactrocera oleae	Tephritidae	Acetobacter tropicalis, Erwinia dacicola	Facultative	Foregut diverticulum (adult), midgut bacteriocytes (larva)	Deposited on eggs	Nutrient synthesis	Estes et al. 2009, Kounatidis et al. 2009, Ben-Yosef et al. 2010
Aedes aegypti	Culicidae	Varied	Facultative	Midgut	Environment	Development	Coon et al. 2014, 2016, 2017
Tipula abdominalis	Tipulidae	Unspecified	Facultative	Hindgut paunch	Unspecified	Digestion	Cook et al. 2007
Glossina spp.	Glossinidae	Wigglesworthia spp., Sodalis glossinidia	Obligate	Midgut bacteriocytes	Maternal glandular secretions	Nutrient synthesis, Immune system priming	Weiss et al. 2012, Wang et al. 2013, Griffith et al. 2018, Zaidman-Rémy et al. 2018