Table 4.

Bacterial symbioses present in the guts of Coleoptera

Host Species	Host family	Symbionts	Symbiont type	Symbiont locality	Symbiont transmission	Symbiont services	Reference
Holotrichia parallela	Scarabaeidae	Pseudomonas spp., Cellulosimicrobrium spp., Ochrobacterium spp.	Facultative	Hindgut	Unspecified	Digestion	Huang et al. 2012
Pachnoda marginata	Scarabaeidae	Promicromonospora pachnodae	Facultative	Hindgut	Unspecified	Digestion	Cazemier et al. 2003
Nicrophorus vespilloides	Silphidae	Providencia spp., Morganella spp., Vagococcus spp., Proteus spp., Koukoulia spp., Serratia spp.	Facultative	Unspecified	Food substrate (Parental regurgitants)	Pathogen defense, Food substrate enhancement	Wang and Rosen 2017, Shukla et al. 2018, Heise et al. 2019
Pachyrhynchus infernalis	Curculionidae	Nardonella spp.	Obligate	Foregut bacteriomes	Ovaries	Nutrient synthesis	Anbutsu et al. 2017
Hypothenemus hampei	Curculionidae	Pseudomonas spp., Pantoea spp.	Facultative	Unspecified	Deposited on eggs	Detoxification	Ceja-Navarro et al. 2015, Mariño et al. 2018
Cyrtotrachelus buqueti	Curculionidae	Lactococcus spp., Dysgonomonas spp., Serratia spp., Enterrococcus spp.	Facultative	Hindgut	Unspecified	Digestion	Luo et al. 2019
Hylobius abietis	Curculionidae	Erwinia spp., Rahnella spp., Serratia spp.	Facultative	Unspecified	Food substrate	Nutrient provisioning	Berasategui et al. 2016, Berasategui et al. 2017
Anoplophora glabripennis	Cerambycidae	Unspecified	Facultative	Unspecified	Unspecified	Nutrient provisioning	Ayayee et al. 2014, Ayayee et al. 2016
Cassidina rubiginosa	Chrysomelidae	Stammera spp.	Obligate	Foregut bacteriomes (Adults & Larvae)	Egg-caplet	Digestion	Salem et al. 2017
Callosobruchus maculatus	Chrysomelidae	Unspecified	Facultative	Unspecified	Unspecified	Toxin degradation	Akami et al. 2019
Tribolium castaneum	Tenebrionidae	Unspecified	Facultative	Unspecified	Food substrate	Immune system priming	Futo et al. 2016