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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 18.
Published in final edited form as: Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Jun;49(24):2359–2396. doi: 10.1080/10643389.2019.1614848

Table 1 –

UCMR3 PFAS Concentrations by Drinking Water Utility System Sizea and Source Water Typeb

Small Systems – Surface Water (n = 1,199) Small Systems – Groundwater (n = 2,075)
PFAS # Detects Det. Freq.c (%) Concentration (ng/L)
PFAS # Detects Det. Freq. (%) Concentration (ng/L)
MRLd Mean SDe Median P90f Max.g MRL Mean SD Median P90 Max.

PFBS 0 0 90 -- -- -- -- -- PFBS 0 0 90 -- -- -- -- --
PFHxS 0 0 30 -- -- -- -- -- PFHxS 4 0.19 30 409 348 404 718 730
PFHpA 0 0 10 -- -- -- -- -- PFHpA 4 0.19 10 41 35 33 76 87
PFOA 0 0 20 -- -- -- -- -- PFOA 4 0.19 20 100 85 81 183 206
PFOS 2 0.17 40 54 6 54 58 59 PFOS 4 0.19 40 158 127 142 279 300
PFNA 0 0 20 -- -- -- -- -- PFNA 1 0.05 20 26 -- 26 26 26

Large Systems – Surface Water (n = 13,279) Large Systems – Groundwater (n = 20,419)
PFAS # Detects Det. Freq. (%)
Concentration (ng/L)
PFAS # Detects Det. Freq. (%)
Concentration (ng/L)
MRL Mean SD Median P90 Max. MRL Mean SD Median P90 Max.


PFBS 12 0.09 90 212 94 185 357 370 PFBS 7 0.03 90 136 49 110 196 220
PFHxS 28 0.21 30 69 35 62 79 190 PFHxS 175 0.86 30 144 174 79 330 1,600
PFHpA 92 0.69 10 19 11 15 39 60 PFHpA 140 0.69 10 28 43 20 53 410
PFOA 101 0.76 20 31 13 29 41 100 PFOA 274 1.34 20 45 46 30 74 349
PFOS 66 0.50 40 77 56 57 140 400 PFOS 220 1.08 40 200 603 64 383 7,000
PFNA 1 0.01 20 54 -- 54 54 54 PFNA 17 0.08 20 35 11 32 52 56
a

Systems ≤10,000 population served = “Small” and >10,000 = “Large”;

b

“Surface water” also includes groundwater under the influence of surface water and mixed sources;

c

Detection frequency, only detections ≥MRL reported;

d

Minimum reporting level;

e

Standard deviation;

f

90th Percentile;

g

Maximum; “--” = not applicable