Table 3.

Nutrient transporters and KEGG pathways related to AA and 1-carbon metabolism detected in dairy cow immune cells via transcriptomics analysis (Agrawal et al., 2017; Mann et al., 2018)

Transporter and gene symbol	KEGG pathways
Neutral AA (SLC1A4)	Metabolic pathways
Neutral AA (SLC1A5)	Nucleotide metabolism
Glu/Asp (SLC1A6)	Energy metabolism
Heavy chain AA (SLC3A2)	Carbohydrate metabolism
Taurine (SLC6A6)	Amino acid metabolism
Gly (SLC6A9)	Immune-related pathways
Branched-chain and aromatic AA (SLC7A5)	NO and ROS production in macrophages
Dibasic and neutral AA (SLC7A6)	iNOS signaling
Neutral AA (SLC7A7)	Acute-phase response signaling
Branched-chain and aromatic AA (SLC7A8)	Genetic information processing
His, di-, and tri-peptides (SLC15A4)	Transcription
Trp, Pro, and Ala (SLC36A4)	Translation
Neutral AA (SLC38A1)	Folding, sorting, and degradation
Neutral AA (SLC38A2)	Replication and repair
Gln, His, Asn, and Ala (SLC38A3)	Organismal systems
Sodium-dependent AA (SLC38A6)	Immune system
Glu. Gln, His, Ser, Ala, and Asn (SLC38A7)	Endocrine system
Sodium-dependent AA, Ala, Gln, Glu, and Asp (SLC38A10)	Cellular processes
Neutral AA (SLC43A1)	Cell growth and death
Sodium-independent, Leu, Phe, Val, and Met (SLC43A2)	Cell communication
Glucose, galactose, mannose (SLC2A1)	Cell transport and catabolism
Glucose, galactose, mannose, maltose (SLC2A3)
Glucose/fructose (SLC2A4)
Glucose (SLC2A6)
Glucose and fructose (SLC2A8)
Glucose (SLC2A10)
Glucose cotransporter (SLC2A13)
Glucose, fructose, and mannose (SLC5A9)
Long-chain fatty acid (SLC27A1)
Long-chain fatty acid (SLC27A2)
Long-chain fatty acid (SLC27A3)
Long-chain fatty acid (SLC27A4)
Carnitine (SLC22A5)
Thiamine (SLC19A2)
Choline (SLC44A1)
Choline (SLC44A2)
Choline (SLC44A4)
Betaine (SLC6A12)
Folate (SLC19A1)
Multivitamin (SLC5A6)