Table 4.

Reported Effectiveness^a of Nonsurgical Treatments Compared Among Patients Who Did and Did Not try Opioids

Demographic	Tried Narcotic	P	Did Not Try Narcotic
Age (years)	58.25 ± 11.7	<0.001b	62.88 ± 10.42
College educated	28 (24.2%)	0.047c	108 (34.4%)

Treatment (Percent That Tried Both Opioids and Treatment Listed)	Tried Narcotic	P	Did Not Try Narcotic
Physical therapy (69.8% tried)	1.94 ± 0.87	<0.001d	2.40 ± 1.01
Acetaminophen (77.6% tried)	1.75 ± 0.85	<0.001d	2.31 ± 0.88
Over-the-counter NSAID (83.6% tried)	2.19 ± 0.89	<0.001d	2.71 ± 0.89
Prescription NSAID (63.8% tried)	2.41 ± 1.06	0.028d	2.74 ± 0.94
Corticosteroid injection (74.1% tried)	2.42 ± 1.17	0.036d	2.76 ± 1.21
Hyaluronic acid injections (47.4% tried)	2.06 ± 1.12	0.039d	2.48 ± 1.20
Platelet-rich plasma injection (9.5% tried)	1.18 ± 0.60	0.094d	1.83 ± 1.27
Stem cell injection (3.4% tried)	1.75 ± 1.50	0.824d	1.38 ± 0.74
Assistive walking device (49.1% tried)	2.42 ± 0.92	0.535d	2.53 ± 0.92

NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PT = physical therapy.

^aAs rated on a five point Likert scale.

^bStudent t-test.

^cFisher Exact.

^dWilcoxon Rank-Sum test, used when a Student t-test was invalid because of the departures from normality.