Table 2.
Differences in demographics, personality traits and psychological problems between users and non-users of stimulant and depressant PCE drugs at T1 (N = 9370).
| Users and non-users of stimulant PCE drugs | Users and non-users of depressant PCE drugs | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Users (n = 193) |
Non-users (n = 9177) |
Test of group differences | Users (n = 139) |
Non-users (n = 9223) |
Test of group differences | |||||||||||
| Outcome variables | % | M | SD | % | M | SD | χ2/F | Eta2 | % | M | SD | % | M | SD | χ2/F | Eta2 |
| Sex | 30.39*** | 0.05 | ||||||||||||||
| Male | 55.4 | 36.1 | 37.4 | 36.5 | ||||||||||||
| Female | 44.6 | 63.9 | 62.6 | 63.5 | ||||||||||||
| Age | 24.9 | 4.9 | 24.9 | 6.5 | 0.05 | .000 | 26.5 | 5.9 | 24.8 | 6.4 | 9.31** | .001 | ||||
| 17–25 years | 66.3 | 74.2 | 51.1 | 73.9 | ||||||||||||
| 26–30 years | 22.8 | 15.1 | 31.7 | 14.9 | ||||||||||||
| 31–40 years | 8.8 | 6.7 | 14.4 | 6.5 | ||||||||||||
| > 40 years | 2.1 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 4.0 | ||||||||||||
| Single | 0.20 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 48.7 | 47.1 | 48.2 | 47.1 | ||||||||||||
| No | 51.3 | 52.9 | 51.8 | 52.9 | ||||||||||||
| Born in Norway | 17.67*** | 12.94*** | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 85.0 | 92.9 | 84.9 | 92.9 | ||||||||||||
| No | 15.0 | 7.1 | 15.1 | 7.1 | ||||||||||||
| Extroversion | 14.5 | 3.8 | 14.1 | 3.6 | 2.51 | .000 | 12.9 | 3.8 | 14.1 | 3.6 | 13.29*** | .001 | ||||
| Agreeableness | 16.4 | 2.9 | 16.9 | 2.8 | 4.46* | .000 | 16.7 | 2.8 | 16.9 | 2.8 | 0.19 | .000 | ||||
| Conscientiousness | 13.2 | 3.6 | 14.7 | 3.2 | 38.32*** | .004 | 13.2 | 3.8 | 14.7 | 3.2 | 29.62*** | .003 | ||||
| Neuroticism | 11.6 | 4.2 | 11.0 | 3.7 | 4.44* | .000 | 13.5 | 3.9 | 11.0 | 3.7 | 64.86*** | .007 | ||||
| Intellect/openness | 16.2 | 3.3 | 14.6 | 3.2 | 49.50*** | .005 | 16.1 | 3.1 | 14.6 | 3.2 | 28.83*** | .003 | ||||
| Depression | 27.3 | 8.7 | 24.1 | 7.3 | 35.33*** | .004 | 30.9 | 9.6 | 24.1 | 7.3 | 118.17*** | .012 | ||||
| Anxiety | 16.8 | 5.0 | 15.0 | 4.0 | 39.13*** | .004 | 19.7 | 5.9 | 15.0 | 4.0 | 189.71*** | .020 | ||||
| Alcohol use | 10.5 | 6.0 | 8.1 | 4.8 | 43.15*** | .005 | 9.5 | 5.4 | 8.1 | 4.8 | 10.23** | .001 | ||||
Note. PCE = pharmacological cognitive enhancement.
* p < .05. ** p < .01. *** p < .001.