Table 3.

Predictors of stimulant and depressant pharmacological cognitive enhancement at T2 (n = 4325).

	Prediction of stimulant PCE (n = 150)				Prediction of depressant PCE (n = 146)
Predictor variables	Crude analysis		Adjusted analysis		Crude analysis		Adjusted analysis
	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Sex	2.15	[1.58–2.92]***	1.28	[0.79–2.06]	1.01	[0.72–1.41]	0.91	[0.56–1.50]
Age	0.99	[0.96–1.02]	0.99	[0.96–1.03]	1.01	[0.99–1.03]	1.01	[0.98–1.05]
Extroversion	1.03	[0.99–1.08]	1.03	[0.97–1.10]	0.96	[0.92–1.00]*	0.92	[0.87–0.98]**
Agreeableness	0.93	[0.88–0.97]**	0.91	[0.85–0.98]*	0.98	[0.92–1.03]	0.98	[0.91–1.06]
Conscientiousness	0.88	[0.84–0.92]***	0.94	[0.89–1.99]	0.95	[0.90–1.00]*	1.08	[1.01–1.15]*
Neuroticism	1.04	[1.00–1.09]	1.05	[0.98–1.13]	1.15	[1.10–1.20]***	1.00	[0.93–1.07]
Intellect/openness	1.16	[1.10–1.23]***	1.10	[1.03–1.17]**	1.12	[1.06–1.18]***	1.09	[1.02–1.16]**
Depression	1.04	[1.02–1.06]***	1.03	[0.99–1.07]	1.08	[1.07–1.10]***	1.03	[0.99–1.07]
Anxiety	1.05	[1.01–1.08]**	0.92	[0.86–0.98]*	1.16	[1.13–1.19]***	1.09	[1.03–1.15]**
Alcohol use	1.11	[1.08–1.14]***	1.07	[1.03–1.11]**	1.05	[1.02–1.09]***	1.03	[0.99–1.08]
Stimulant PCE, T1	121.01	[74.76–195.86]***	83.75	[49.78–140.88] ***	13.98	[8.65–22.61]***	7.56	[3.96–14.41]***
Depressant PCE, T1	13.12	[7.75–22.20]***	5.41	[2.38–12.92]***	66.33	[40.13–109.62]***	31.53	[17.80–55.83]***

Note. PCE = pharmacological cognitive enhancement.

* p < .05. ** p < .01. *** p < .001.