Table 3.
Prognostic Factors for the Development of Severe COVID-19 Among HCP (n=156)
| Characteristic | Severe COVID-19 case frequency, % (n) | OR (95%CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||
| <60 | 9.6 (13/135) | 1 | — |
| ≥60 | 23.8 (5/21) | 2.9 (0.9, 9.3) | 0.071 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 26.3 (10/38) | 4.9 (1.8, 13.6) | 0.002 |
| Female | 6.8 (8/118) | 1 | — |
| Pre-existing conditions | |||
| Shows a pre-existing condition (yes) | 12.5 (6/48) | 1.1 (0.4, 3.2) | 0.802 |
| Diabetes (yes) | 0.0 (0/2) | N/A | — |
| Chronic hepatic disease (yes) | 0.0 (0/1) | N/A | — |
| Chronic kidney disease (yes) | 100.0 (2/2) | N/A | — |
| Immunodeficiency (yes) | 100.0 (1/1) | N/A | — |
| Cardiovascular disease (yes) | 22.2 (2/9) | 2.3 (0.4, 12.1) | 0.278 |
| Chronic lung disease (yes) | 0.0 (0/7) | N/A | — |
| Chronic neurologic disease (yes) | 0.0 (0/1) | N/A | — |
| Pregnancy (yes) | 0.0 (0/1) | N/A | — |
| Cancer (yes) | 0.0 (0/2) | N/A | — |
| Arterial hypertension (yes) | 27.3 (3/111) | 3.2 (0.7, 13.5) | 0.118 |
| Other pre-existing conditions (yes) | 6.3 (2/32) | 0.4 (0.1, 2.0) | 0.370 |
| Influenza vaccination | |||
| Yes | 11.9 (8/67) | 1.1 (0.4, 2.9) | 0.892 |
| No | 11.2 (10/89) | 1 | — |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Fever (yes) | 13.2 (14/106) | 1.8 (0.6, 5.6) | 0.428 |
| Cough (yes) | 10.7 (13/121) | 0.7 (0.2, 2.2) | 0.564 |
| Pneumonia (yes) | 64.3 (9/14) | 26.6 (7.4, 96.1) | <0.001 |
| Headache (yes) | 9.7 (6/62) | 0.7 (0.3, 2.1) | 0.555 |
| Shivers (yes) | 17.0 (9/53) | 2.1 (0.8, 5.8) | 0.127 |
| Coryza (yes) | 14.3 (3/21) | 1.3 (0.4, 5.1) | 0.713 |
| Myalgia (yes) | 12.5 (11/88) | 1.2 (0.5, 3.4) | 0.669 |
| Vomits (yes) | 30.0 (3/10) | 3.7 (0.9, 16.0) | 0.093 |
| Diarrhea (yes) | 15.4 (6/39) | 1.6 (0.6, 4.6) | 0.393 |
| ARDS (yes) | 100.0 (2/2) | N/A | — |
| Acute kidney failure (yes) | 100.0 (1/1) | 9.1 (5.8, 14.3) | 0.115 |
| Ageusia (yes) | 14.3 (5/35) | 1.4 (0.4, 4.2) | 0.556 |
| Anosmia (yes) | 13.5 (5/37) | 1.3 (0.4, 3.8) | 0.768 |
| Ocular symptoms (yes) | 20.0 (1/5) | 2.0 (0.2, 18.7) | 0.463 |
| Migraine (yes) | 8.0 (6/75) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.4) | 0.183 |
| Other (yes) | 8.7 (10/115) | 0.4 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.086 |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HCP, healthcare personnel; N/A, not applicable.