Table 1.
Unmatched Baseline and Perioperative Outcomes from Robotic-Assisted and Laparoscopic Sigmoid Resection
| Variable | Robotic-assisted (n = 211) | Laparoscopic (n = 125) | p-value | Standardized Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 60.2 ± 13.0 | 65.1 ± 14.3 | 0.0013 | −0.3609 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.1212 | 0.1386 | ||
| Female | 107 (50.7) | 72 (57.6) | ||
| Male | 104 (49.3) | 53 (42.4) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 29.0 ± 6.2 | 26.9 ± 4.9 | 0.0009 | 0.3681 |
| Categorical BMI, n (%) | 0.0038 | 0.1448 | ||
| ≤24.9 kg/m2 | 57 (27) | 47 (37.6) | ||
| ≥25.0 to ≤29.9 kg/m2 | 79 (37.4) | 42 (33.6) | ||
| ≥30.0 to ≤34.9 kg/m2 | 42 (19.9) | 31 (24.8) | ||
| ≥35.0 kg/m2 | 33 (15.6) | 5 (4) | ||
| Medical/Surgical History | ||||
| Patients with ≥1 comorbidity, n (%) | 120 (56.9) | 82 (65.6) | 0.1143 | 0.1799 |
| Surgical indication, n (%) | 0.0004 | 0.3957 | ||
| Malignant disease | 34 (16.1) | 41 (32.8) | ||
| Benign disease | 177 (83.9) | 84 (67.2) | ||
| Previous treatment for current condition, n (%) | 167 (79.1) | 76 (60.8) | 0.0003 | 0.4085 |
| Previous abdominal surgery, n (%) | 115 (54.5) | 75 (60) | 0.3258 | −0.1113 |
| Surgery and Hospitalization Characteristics | ||||
| Primary procedure, n (%) | 0.3767 | 0.1015 | ||
| Left hemicolectomy | 27 (12.8) | 12 (9.6) | ||
| Sigmoidectomy | 184 (87.2) | 113 (90.4) | ||
| Cases with ≥1 concomitant procedure, n (%) | 43 (20.4) | 29 (23.2) | 0.5425 | −0.0684 |
| Surgical timea (m), mean ± SD | 164.25 ± 63.1 | 142.2 ± 53.3 | 0.0007 | 0.4348 |
| Operating room timeb (m), mean ± SD | 225.2 ± 66.6 | 198.1 ± 57.5 | 0.0002 | 0.3779 |
| Estimated blood loss (ml), mean ± SD | 48.1 ± 51.5 | 59.6 ± 51.2 | 0.0481 | −0.2242 |
| Conversion to open, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | 0.372 | −0.127 |
| Length of stay (d), mean ± SD | 3.7 ± 4.6 | 4.2 ± 4.2 | 0.3609 | −0.0145 |
| Time to flatus (d), mean ± SD | 2.0 ± 0.8 | 2.5 ± 1.9 | 0.0067 | −0.3484 |
| Time to bowel movement (d), mean ± SD | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 3.1 ± 2.05 | 0.0112 | −0.3359 |
| Time to regular diet (d), mean ± SD | 3.4 ± 4.2 | 3.2 ± 2.2 | 0.4649 | 0.0814 |
| Complications and Adverse Events | ||||
| Complications, n (%) | ||||
| Intraoperative | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | not valid | |
| Postoperative prior to discharge | 5 (2.4) | 5 (4) | 0.5091 | −0.0929 |
| Post discharge to 30 d | 20 (4.7) | 7 (5.6) | 0.7986 | −0.0389 |
| Readmissionsc, n (%) | 8 (3.8) | 6 (4.9) | 0.6327 | −0.0498 |
| Reoperationsc, n (%) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1.6) | 0.5572 | −0.1113 |
SD, standard deviation of the mean; BMI, body mass index.
a
Surgical time: skin to skin.
b
Operating room time: wheels in to wheels out.
c
Post discharge to 30 d.