Table 3.
Intra-operative Findings
| HPS (n = 612) | Non-HPS (n = 4,524) | P value | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cholecystectomy difficulty grade | ||||
| 1 | 8 (1.3%) | 1697 (37.5%) | <0.001 | 0.022 (0.011, 0.044) |
| 2 | 74 (12.1%) | 1509 (33.4%) | <0.001 | 0.275 (0.214, 0.353) |
| 3 | 247 (40.4%) | 782 (17.3%) | <0.001 | 3.238 (2.708, 3.873) |
| 4 | 252 (41.2%) | 474 (10.5%) | <0.001 | 5.981 (4.961, 7.211) |
| 5 | 30 (4.9%) | 59 (1.3%) | <0.001 | 3.901 (2.493, 6.105) |
| Not Recorded | 1 (0.2%) | 3 (0.1%) | 0.419 | 2.466 (0.256, 23.749) |
| Adhesiolysis | ||||
| Gallbladder | 531 (86.8%) | 2723 (60.2%) | <0.001 | 4.336 (3.406, 5.519) |
| Hepatic flexure | 283 (46.2%) | 740 (16.4%) | <0.001 | 4.399 (3.684, 5.252) |
| Duodenum | 458 (74.8%) | 1917 (42.4%) | <0.001 | 4.044 (3.338, 4.900) |
| Distant | 80 (13.1%) | 589 (13.0%) | 0.971 | 1.005 (0.782, 1.291) |
| Calot's Triangle | ||||
| Normal | 345 (56.4%) | 3852 (85.1%) | <0.001 | 0.225 (0.188, 0.270) |
| Easy | 87 (14.2%) | 3049 (67.4%) | <0.001 | 0.082 (0.065, 0.103) |
| Accessory Artery | 284 (46.4%) | 1132 (25.0%) | <0.001 | 2.595 (2.183, 3.083) |
| Wide Cystic Duct | 100 (16.3%) | 599 (13.2%) | 0.036 | 1.280 (1.016, 1.612) |
| Cystic Duct Stones | 78 (12.7%) | 731 (16.2%) | 0.030 | 0.758 (0.590, 0.974) |
| Gallbladder Operative Morphology | ||||
| Acute Cholecystitis | 100 (16.3%) | 221 (4.9%) | <0.001 | 3.803 (2.952, 4.899) |
| Chronic | 63 (10.3%) | 3423 (75.7%) | <0.001 | 0.037 (0.028, 0.048) |
| Contracted | 124 (20.3%) | 507 (11.2%) | <0.001 | 2.013 (1.619, 2.503) |
| Mucocele | 147 (24.0%) | 169 (3.7%) | <0.001 | 8.146 (6.403, 10.365) |
| Empyema | 189 (30.9%) | 166 (3.7%) | <0.001 | 11.730 (9.309, 14.780) |
| Mirizzi syndrome | 11 (1.8%) | 40 (0.9%) | 0.032 | 2.052 (1.047, 4.020) |
| Single gallstone | ||||
| Ultrasound Scan | 107 (17.5%) | 484 (10.7%) | <0.001 | 1.769 (1.407, 2.224) |
| Intraoperative | 138 (22.5%) | 564 (12.5%) | <0.001 | 2.044 (1.658, 2.520) |
| Sub-hepatic Drain(s) | 435 (71.1%) | 2164 (47.8%) | <0.001 | 2.680 (2.229, 3.222) |
| Length of Surgery (mins) | ||||
| Mean | 86.1 | 70.2 | ||
| Median | 75 | 60 | ||
| Range | 22–345 | 15–570 | ||
| Conversion to Open | 2 (0.3%) | 25 (0.6%) | 0.468 | 0.590 (0.139, 2.497) |
| Fundus First Dissection | 45 (7.4%) | 105 (2.3%) | <0.001 | 3.340 (2.330, 4.787) |
| CBD Stone(s) | 93 (15.2%) | 969 (21.4%) | <0.001 | 0.657 (0.521, 0.829) |
HPS, Hartmann's pouch stone; OR, odds ration; CI, confidence interval; CBD, common bile duct.