Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients infected with Δ382 variant SARS-CoV-2, wild-type SARS-CoV-2, or both
| Δ382 variant only (n=29) | Mixed Δ382 variant and wild-type (n=10) | Wild-type only (n=92) | p value* | p value† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | ||||||
| Median age, years | 37 (27–53) | 46 (39–56) | 47 (35–61) | 0·041 | 0·018 | |
| Age group, years | ·· | ·· | ·· | 0·19 | 0·17 | |
| <45 | 19 (66%) | 5 (50%) | 43 (47%) | ·· | ·· | |
| 45–64 | 9 (31%) | 5 (50%) | 39 (42%) | ·· | ·· | |
| ≥65 | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (11%) | ·· | ·· | |
| Sex | ·· | ·· | ·· | 0·61 | 0·52 | |
| Female | 10 (34%) | 3 (30%) | 39 (42%) | ·· | ·· | |
| Male | 19 (66%) | 7 (70%) | 53 (58%) | ·· | ·· | |
| Chinese ethnicity | 22 (76%) | 7 (70%) | 67 (73%) | 0·92 | 0·81 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0·64 | 0·51 | |
| Diabetes | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (12%) | 0·22 | 0·29 | |
| Baseline symptoms and findings | ||||||
| Duration of symptoms, days | 6 (3–9) | 6 (5–98) | 4 (2–7) | 0·061 | 0·036 | |
| Fever | 17 (59%) | 1 (10%) | 72 (78%) | 0·054 | 0·05 | |
| Cough | 20 (69%) | 7 (70%) | 62 (67%) | 0·98 | 1·00 | |
| Dyspnoea | 1 (3%) | 2 (20%) | 15 (16%) | 0·18 | 0·11 | |
| Sore throat | 15 (52%) | 5 (50%) | 37 (40%) | 0·50 | 0·29 | |
| Rhinorrhoea | 10 (34%) | 2 (20%) | 21 (23%) | 0·42 | 0·22 | |
| Heart rate (beats per min) | 85 (74–97) | 80 (77–108) | 92 (83–100) | 0·26 | 0·78 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 136 (122–145) | 131 (128–139) | 133 (120–146) | 0·77 | 0·49 | |
| Respiratory rate, breaths per min | 18 (18–18) | 18 (16–20) | 18 (17–19) | 0·92 | 0·68 | |
| Oxygen saturation, % | 98 (97–99) | 98·5 (96–99) | 98 (96–98) | 0·15 | 0·06 | |
| Temperature, °C | 37·1 (36·6–37·7) | 37·8 (37–38·5) | 37·7 (37·2–38·3) | 0·0064 | 0·0013 | |
| Neutrophils, ×109/L | 2·6 (2·0–3·3) | 2·6 (2·3–4·4) | 3·1 (2·1–4·1) | 0·50 | 0·24 | |
| Lymphocytes, ×109/L | 1·3 (0·9–1·9) | 1·2 (0·8–2·0) | 1·1 (0·8–1·5) | 0·22 | 0·079 | |
| Platelet, ×109/L | 193 (173–245) | 206 (159–275) | 190 (147–241) | 0·40 | 0·21 | |
| C-reactive protein concentration, mg/L | 5·6 (2·1–10·7); n=25 | 13·7 (11·7–180); n=7 | 11·6 (3·0–47·4); n=86 | 0·018 | 0·023 | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase concentration, U/L | 388 (341–509); n=27 | 375 (352–474); n=10 | 463 (368–616); n=86 | 0·10 | 0·041 | |
| Alanine aminotransferase concentration, U/L | 26 (15–36); n=22 | 36 (24–84); n=7 | 29 (19–50); n=74 | 0·29 | 0·31 | |
| Creatinine concentration, μmol | 64 (51–79); n=24 | 86 (71–93); n=8 | 68 (55–83); n=80 | 0·10 | 0·35 | |
| Ct value of first nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 PCR | 29·2 (24·8–34·2) | 26·2 (21·0–29·5) | 25·6 (21·6–30·6) | 0·11 | 0·040 | |
| Outcomes | ||||||
| Pneumonia | 15 (52%) | 5 (50%) | 47 (51%) | 1·00 | 1·00 | |
| Hypoxia requiring supplemental oxygen | 0 (0%) | 3 (30%) | 26 (28%) | 0·0050 | 0·0013 | |
| Intensive care unit admission | 0 (0%) | 3 (30%) | 15 (16%) | 0·025 | 0·021 | |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 0 (0%) | 3 (30%) | 10 (11%) | 0·020 | 0·12 | |
| Death | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | 0·65 | 1·00 | |
Data are median (IQR) or n (%). p values are from Kruskal-Wallis test (for continuous variables) or χ2 test (for categorical variables). Δ382=382-nucleotide deletion. SARS-CoV-2=severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Ct=cycle threshold.
*
Δ382 variant only group versus wild-type only group versus mixed Δ382 variant and wild-type group.
†
Δ382 variant only group versus wild-type only group.