Table 1.
Clinical presentations, vital signs, and comorbidities among 228 patients with viral pneumonia admitted to the studied hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak in Tehran, Iran
| Variables | Total (N = 228) | ICU admission (N = 45) | ICU non-admission (N = 183) | P value | Non-survivors (N = 34) | Survivors (N = 194) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presenting symptom | Coughing | 158 (69.3%) | 23 (14.6%) | 135 (85.4%) | 0.003 | 17 (10.8%) | 141 (89.2%) | 0.008 | |
| Dyspnea | 140 (61.4%) | 29 (20.7%) | 111 (79.3%) | 0.64 | 21 (15%) | 119 (85%) | 0.96 | ||
| Myalgia | 75 (32.9%) | 11 (14.7%) | 64 (85.3%) | 0.17 | 7 (9.3%) | 68 (90.7%) | 0.11* | ||
| GI symptoms | 49 (21.5%) | 11 (22.4%) | 38 (77.6%) | 0.59 | 10 (20.4%) | 39 (79.8%) | 0.22 | ||
| Vital signs | Fever | 28 (13.3%) | 9 (32.1%) | 19 (67.9%) | 0.08 | 5 (17.9%) | 23 (82.1%) | 0.72 | |
| Tachycardia | 49 (22.2%) | 17 (34.7%) | 32 (65.3%) | 0.003 | 13 (26.5%) | 36 (73.5%) | 0.014 | ||
| Tachypnea | 50 (23.4%) | 35 (70%) | 15 (30%) | 0.06 | 11 (22%) | 39 (78%) | 0.17 | ||
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 117.5 (± 13.2) | 117.7 (± 16.6) | 117.5 (± 12.4) | 0.93 | 117.6 (± 17.6) | 117.5 (± 12.4) | 0.96 | ||
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 75.6 (± 8.6) | 76 (± 11.9) | 75.5 (± 7.7) | 0.76 | 76.4 (± 12.6) | 75.4 (± 7.8) | 0.59 | ||
| Blood O2 saturation | > 93% | 63 (29%) | 6 (9.5%) | 57 (90.5%) | < 0.001 | 4 (6.4%) | 59 (93.6%) | < 0.001* | |
| 88–93% | 96 (44.2%) | 12 (12.5%) | 84 (87.5%) | 10 (10.4%) | 86 (89.6%) | ||||
| < 88% | 58 (26.8%) | 26 (44.8%) | 32 (55.2%) | 19 (32.8%) | 39 (67.2%) | ||||
| Comorbidity | Ischemic heart disease | 42 (18.4%) | 11 (26.2%) | 31 (73.8%) | 0.24 | 10 (23.8%) | 32 (76.2%) | 0.07 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 46 (20.2%) | 10 (21.7%) | 36 (78.3%) | 0.70 | 6 (13%) | 40 (87%) | 0.81* | ||
| Hypertension | 70 (30.7%) | 14 (20%) | 56 (80%) | 0.94 | 13 (18.6%) | 57 (81.4%) | 0.30 | ||
| Chronic lung disease | 18 (7.9%) | 4 (22.2%) | 14 (77.8%) | 0.76* | 3 (16.7%) | 15 (83.3%) | 0.73* | ||
| Chronic renal failure | 14 (6.1%) | 6 (42.9%) | 8 (57.1%) | 0.036* | 5 (35.7%) | 9 (64.3%) | 0.04* | ||
| Renal transplant recipient | 3 (1.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | 1 (33.3%) | 0.10* | 0 | 3 (100%) | 1.0* | ||
There were missing data for fever, tachypnea, and blood oxygen saturation; continuous data are presented as mean (±standard deviation)
GI gastrointestinal, BP blood pressure
*P values were derived using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test