Table 2.
Laboratory findings on admission among 228 patients with viral pneumonia admitted to the studied hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak in Tehran, Iran
| Variables | Total (N = 228) | ICU admission (N = 45) | ICU non-admission (N = 183) | P value | Non-survivors (N = 34) | Survivors (N = 194) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leukocytosis | 21 (9.5%) | 13 (61.9%) | 8 (38.1%) | < 0.001 | 11 (52.4%) | 10 (47.6%) | < 0.001 | |
| Lymphopenia | 155 (70.1%) | 34 (21.9%) | 121 (78.1%) | 0.24 | 27 (17.4%) | 128 (82.6%) | 0.11 | |
| Platelet count, ×103/mL | > 150 | 153 (68.9%) | 30 (19.6%) | 123 (80.4%) | 0.96 | 22 (14.4%) | 131 (85.6%) | 0.90* |
| 50–100 | 53 (23.9%) | 11 (20.7%) | 42 (79.3%) | 9 (17%) | 44 (83%) | |||
| < 50 | 16 (7.2%) | 3 (18.7%) | 13 (81.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | 14 (87.5%) | |||
| Creatinine, mg/dL | < 1.2 | 101 (47%) | 13 (12.9%) | 88 (87.1%) | < 0.001* | 9 (8.9%) | 92 (91.1%) | < 0.001* |
| 1.9–5.9 | 85 (39.5%) | 11 (13%) | 74 (87%) | 10 (11.8%) | 75 (88.2%) | |||
| > 5.9 | 26 (12.1%) | 18 (69.2%) | 8 (30.8%) | 13 (50%) | 13 (50%) | |||
| 4 | 3 (1.4%) | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | 1 (33.3%) | 2 (66.7%) | |||
| BUN, mg/dL | 29.01 (± 30.58) | 49.3(±39.9) | 24.1 (± 25.7) | < 0.001* | 50.05 (40.9) | 25.4 (27) | < 0.001* | |
| Elevated ALT | 19 (20.9%) | 5 (26.3%) | 14 (73.7%) | 0.33 | 2 (10.5%) | 17 (89.5%) | 0.72* | |
| Elevated AST | 36 (38.7%) | 12 (33.3%) | 24 (66.7%) | 0.007 | 9 (25%) | 27 (75%) | 0.033 | |
| Elevated AlkP | 69 (75%) | 17 (24.6%) | 52 (75.4%) | 0.036* | 13 (18.8%) | 56 (81.2%) | 0.17* | |
| Abnormal pH | 30 (16.3%) | 14 (46.7%) | 16 (53.3%) | < 0.001 | 11 (36.7%) | 19 (63.3%) | 0.002 | |
| PO2, mmHga | 32.6 (± 17.6) | 37.5 (± 23.6) | 31.2 (± 15.2) | 0.15* | 38.9 (± 26) | 31.3 (±15) | 0.15* | |
| Elevated blood CO2 | 62 (33.7%) | 13 (21%) | 49 (79%) | 0.76 | 9 (14.5%) | 53 (85.5%) | 0.46 | |
| PCO2, mmHg | 44.6 (± 35.5) | 40.9 (± 11.4) | 45.7 (± 39.8) | 0.16* | 40.8 (± 11.4) | 45.4 (±38.7) | 0.27 | |
| HCO3−, mEq/L | 23.7 (± 4.5) | 21.4 (± 5.4) | 24.3 (± 4) | < 0.001 | 21.1 (5.2) | 24.2 (4.2) | < 0.001 | |
| ESR, mm/h | 38.2 (± 26.5) | 47.3 (35.7) | 36.1 (23.7) | 0.32* | 40 (± 29.1) | 37.9 (± 26.2) | 0.75 | |
| CRP, mg/L | 37 (± 31.6) | 50.4 (± 46.9) | 34 (± 26.4) | 0.16* | 58.5 (± 48.3) | 33.7 (± 26.7) | 0.015* | |
| LDH, U/L | 543.9 (± 273.9) | 743 (±400.6) | 488.3 (±195.8) | < 0.001* | 807.6 (± 409.6) | 487.4 (± 196) | < 0.001* | |
| Sodium, mg/dL | 136.4 (± 4.4) | 137.4 (± 7.4) | 136.2 (± 3.3) | 0.16 | 137.7 (± 8) | 136.2 (± 3.4) | 0.11* | |
| Potassium, mg/dL | 4 (± 0.48) | 4.3 (± 0.7) | 3.9 (± 0.4) | < 0.001 | 4.2 (± 0.8) | 4 (± 0.4) | 0.16* | |
Continuous data are presented as mean (±standard deviation)
ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALKP alkaline phosphatase, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, LDH lactate dehydrogenase
*P values were derived using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test
ªThe values were assayed using sample of venous blood