Table 3.
Chest CT scan findings among 228 patients with viral pneumonia admitted to the studied hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak in Tehran, Iran
| Total (N = 228) | ICU admission (N = 45) | ICU non-admission (N = 183) | P value | Non-survivors (N = 34) | Survivors (N = 194) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ground glass opacity | 153 (67.1%) | 32 (15%) | 130 (85%) | 0.011 | 22 (14.4%) | 131 (85.6%) | 0.74 | |
| Consolidation | 43 (18.9%) | 14 (32.6%) | 29 (67.4%) | 0.019 | 8 (18.6%) | 35 (81.4%) | 0.45 | |
| Reticular opacities | 20 (8.8%) | 5 (25%) | 15 (75%) | 0.55* | 2 (10%) | 18 (90%) | 0.74* | |
| Mixed opacities | 13 (5.7%) | 3 (23.1%) | 10 (76.9%) | 0.72* | 2 (15.4%) | 11 (84.6%) | 1.0* | |
| Round opacities | 39 (17.1%) | 5 (12.8%) | 34 (87.2%) | 0.27* | 3 (7.7%) | 36 (92.3%) | 0.21* | |
| Linear opacities | 76 (33.3%) | 15 (19.7%) | 61 (82.3%) | 1.0 | 9 (11.8%) | 67 (88.2%) | 0.35 | |
| Pleural effusion | 24 (10.5%) | 12 (50%) | 12 (50%) | < 0.001 | 9 (37.5%) | 15 (62.5%) | 0.001 | |
| Pericardial effusion | 19 (8.3%) | 5 (26.3%) | 14 (73.7%) | 0.54* | 3 (15.8%) | 16 (84.2%) | 1.0* | |
| Emphysema | 6 (2.6%) | 3 (50%) | 3 (50%) | 0.09* | 2 (33.3%) | 4 (66.7%) | 0.22* | |
| Fibrosis | 5 (2.2%) | 1 (20%) | 4 (80%) | 1.0* | 1 (20%) | 4 (80%) | 0.55* | |
| Bronchiectasis | 5 (2.2%) | 1 (20%) | 4 (80%) | 1.0* | 1 (20%) | 4 (80%) | 0.55* | |
| Bronchial wall thickening | 62 (27.2%) | 19 (30.6%) | 43 (69.4%) | 0.011 | 14 (22.6%) | 48 (77.4%) | 0.047 | |
| Crazy paving | 17 (7.5%) | 3 (17.6%) | 14 (82.4%) | 1.0* | 0 | 17 (100%) | 0.08* | |
| Reverse halo sign | 15 (6.6%) | 0 | 15 (100%) | 0.046* | 0 | 15 (100%) | 0.13* | |
| Lymphadenopathy | 5 (2.2%) | 1 (20%) | 4 (80%) | 1.0 | 1 (20%) | 4 (80%) | 0.55* | |
| Axial distribution | Both | 41 (18%) | 11 (26.8%) | 30 (73.2%) | 0.016* | 9 (22%) | 32 (78%) | 0.12* |
| Central | 29 (12.7%) | 11 (37.9%) | 18 (62.1%) | 7 (24.1%) | 22 (78.9%) | |||
| Peripheral | 156 (68.4%) | 23 (14.7%) | 133 (85.3%) | 18 (11.5%) | 138 (88.5%) | |||
| None | 2 (0.9%) | 0 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 2 (100%) | |||
|
Craniocaudal distribution |
Diffuse | 68 (29.8%) | 13 (19.1%) | 55 (80.9%) | 0.71* | 14 (20.6%) | 54 (79.4%) | 0.22* |
| Lower | 122 (53.5%) | 25 (20.5%) | 97 (79.5%) | 15 (12.3%) | 107 (87.7%) | |||
| Mid | 20 (8.8%) | 3 (15%) | 17 (85%) | 3 (15%) | 17 (85%) | |||
| None | 1 (0.4%) | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 1 (100%) | |||
| Upper | 17 (7.5%) | 4 (23.5%) | 13 (76.5%) | 2 (11.8%) | 15 (88.2%) | |||
*P values were derived using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test