Table 2.

Demographic Characteristics and Bivariate Analysis of Factors Associated with Beliefs Among College Students in Saudi Arabia About Using Behavioral Interventions in the Qassim Region

	Characteristics Total (n = 958)a		Behavioral Intervention
			Believed in the Effects (n = 591)		Did Not Believe in the Effects (n = 333)		P-value
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Age group (years)
18–23	727	78.7	449	76	278	83.5	0.007*
>23	197	21.3	142	24	55	16.5
Gender
Male	817	88.7	511	86.9	306	91.9	0.022*
Female	104	11.3	77	13.1	27	8.1
Marital status
Married	47	5.1	33	5.6	14	4.2	0.342
Unmarried	871	94.9	552	94.4	319	95.8
Income (US$/month)
≤990 SR ($264)	29	3.1	17	2.9	12	3.6	0.543
>990 SR ($264)	895	96.9	574	97.1	321	96.4
Academic performance
Excellent to good	871	94.8	550	93.9	321	96.4	0.096
Poor to fail	48	5.2	36	6.1	12	3.6
Past 30 uses smoke hookah
Yes	181	20.2	100	17.3	81	25.2	0.005*
No	717	79.8	477	82.7	240	74.8
Harmfulness of hookah
More harmful than cigarettes	127	13.8	63	10.7	64	19.5	<0.001*
Same harmfulness as cigarettes	147	16	87	14.7	60	18.2
Less harmful than cigarettes	645	70.2	440	74.6	205	62.3
Social acceptability
None	418	45.9	287	47.5	131	42.7	0.281
Low	262	28.7	175	29	68	28.3
Medium	181	19.9	113	18.7	68	22.2
High	50	5.5	29	4.8	21	6.8

Notes: ^aThe numbers may not total 958 for some variables due to missing values; *p<0.05.