Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of Study Patients (n=313).
| Patient profile | |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | 75.7 (±6.0)** |
| Gender | |
| Male | 134 (42.8)* |
| Female | 179 (57.2)* |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.8 (±3.6)** |
| Helicobacter pylori infection status | |
| Helicobacter pylori infection | |
| negative | 168 (53.7)* |
| positive | 69 (22.0)* |
| successful eradication | 76 (24.3)* |
| Internal medicine therapeutic agents | |
| Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | |
| non-user | 195 (62.3)* |
| user | 118 (37.7)* |
| Aspirin | |
| non-user | 284 (90.7)* |
| user | 29 (9.3)* |
| Laxative/Prokinetics | |
| non-user | 243 (77.6)* |
| user | 70 (22.4)* |
| Comorbidity | |
| Sarcopenia | |
| no | 241 (77.0)* |
| yes | 72 (23.0)* |
| Osteoporosis | |
| no | 188 (60.1)* |
| yes | 125 (39.9)* |
| Frailty | |
| no | 242 (77.3)* |
| yes | 71 (22.7)* |
| Nutritional status | |
| Zinc (µg/dL) | 73.2 (±11.5)** |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.2 (±0.3)** |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 203 (±36)** |
| Lymphocyte (counts/µL) | 1,845 (±611)** |
| CONUT score | 0.9 (±1.1)** |
| Upper GI Findings | |
| Reflux esophagitis (RE) | |
| no | 288 (92.0)* |
| yes | 25 (8.0)* |
| Hiatal hernia (HH) | |
| no | 148 (47.3)* |
| yes | 165 (52.7)* |
| Endoscopic gastric mucosal atrophy score (EGAS) | 2.6 (±2.0)** |
| Questionnaire | |
| FSSG | 4.9 (±5.6)** |
| CSS | 4.0 (±4.2)** |
| BSFS | 4.0 (±1.0)** |
* Number (%), ** Median (±SD). FSSG: Frequency Scale for Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, CSS: Constipation Scoring System, BSFS: Bristol Stool Form Scale