Table 2.
Laboratory data on admission.
| Reference Range | All (N = 247) | Admitted to ICU or died (n = 112) | Discharged alive without ICU stay (n = 135) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory data on admission | |||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dL (n = 244), median (IQR) | 12–16 | 13.5 (12–14.8) | 13.5 (11.8–14.7) | 13.6 (12.2–14.9) | 0.4 |
| White blood cell count, K/μL (n = 245), median (IQR) | 4.5–11.0 | 6.4 (4.9–8.8) | 7.2 (5–9.2) | 6 (4.6–8.3) | 0.04 |
| Platelet count, k/μL (n = 245), median (IQR) | 150–400 | 183 (148–239) | 183.5 (136.8–237.5) | 183 (153–241) | 0.5 |
| Absolute lymphocyte count, cells/μL, (n = 244), median (IQR) | 1000–4500 | 930 (640–1305) | 790 (568–1150) | 1020 (718–1422) | 0.001 |
| Sodium level, mmol/L (n = 243), median (IQR) | 135–145 | 136 (133.5–139) | 136 (133–138.3) | 137 (134–139) | 0.2 |
| Potassium, mmol/L (n = 243), median (IQR) | 3.4 – 5 | 4 (3.8–4.35) | 4.1 (3.8–4.5) | 4 (3.8–4.3) | 0.1 |
| Lactate, mmol/L (n = 169), median (IQR) | 0.5 – 2.0 | 1.3 (1–1.9) | 1.4 (1.1–2) | 1.2 (1–1.9) | 0.05 |
| Peak lactate, mmol/L (n = 118), median (IQR) | 0.5 – 2.0 mmol/L | 1.9 (1.3–2.6) | 1.9 (1.5–2.6) | 1.4 (1.1–2.2) | 0.01 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/ml (n = 189), median (IQR) | 0.00 - 0.08 | 0.16 (0.1–0.28) | 0.23 (0.13–0.48) | 0.12 (0.08–0.19) | <0.001 |
| Peak procalcitonin, ng/ml (n = 103), median (IQR) | 0.00 - 0.08 | 0.34 (0.12–1.44) | 0.59 (0.26–2.75) | 0.12 (0.08–0.18) | <0.001 |
| Urea, mg/dL (n = 243), median (IQR) | 8 – 25 | 15 (10–21) | 15 (11–22) | 14 (10–20) | 0.2 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL (n = 243), median (IQR) | 0.60 – 1.50 | 0.97 (0.79–1.17) | 1.05 (0.8–1.29) | 0.94 (0.76–1.12) | 0.03 |
| LDH, U/L (n = 236), median (IQR) | 110 – 210 | 304.5 (247.3–418.5) | 362 (290–507) | 276 (220.5–334.5) | <0.001 |
| Peak LDH, U/L (n = 215), median (IQR) | 110 – 210 | 397 (294.5–523) | 493.5 (365.3–628.3) | 325 (258–410) | <0.001 |
| AST, U/L (n = 244), median (IQR) | 9 – 32 | 40 (28–59) | 46 (33.8–69.8) | 35 (24.8–53.3) | <0.001 |
| ALT, U/L (n = 244), median (IQR) | 7 – 33 | 28 (20–44.3) | 29 (23–50.3) | 26.5 (18.8–43) | 0.07 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, U/L (n = 243), median (IQR) | 30 – 100 | 72 (56–93) | 72 (56–93.3) | 71 (55.5–92.5) | 1 |
| Total bilirubin, (n = 242), median (IQR) | 0.0 – 1.0 | 0.5 (0.3–0.6) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.5 (0.3–0.6) | 0.3 |
| Direct bilirubin <0.2 mg/dL, n (%) | 131/240 (54.6) | 57/112 (50.9) | 74/128 (57.8) | 0.2 | |
| Direct bilirubin, mg/dL, median value in those with value ≥0.2 mg/dL, (IQR) | 0.0 – 0.4 | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.9 |
| Ferritin, ug/L (n = 221), median (IQR) | 10 – 200 | 636 (282–1027) | 777 (363–1304) | 576.5 (241.3–835) | 0.006 |
| Peak Ferritin, ug/L (n = 203), median (IQR) | 10 – 200 | 958.5 (479.5–1830) | 1500.5 (613.8–2812.8) | 812 (398.5–1216) | <0.001 |
| Initial CK, U/L (n = 223), median (IQR) | 40 – 150 | 117 (66.3–270.5) | 152 (83.8–399.8) | 90 (55.3–171.8) | <0.001 |
| Peak CK, U/L (n = 209), median (IQR) | 40 – 150 | 251 (106.3–617.8) | 487 (221–1422) | 125 (77.5–272) | <0.001 |
| ESR, mm/h (n = 180), median (IQR) | 0 – 20 | 37 (21–56.5) | 42 (26–64) | 35 (17–53) | 0.01 |
| Peak ESR, mm/h, (n = 164), median (IQR) | 0 – 20 | 77 (41.8–125) | 124 (79–134) | 49 (34–77) | <0.001 |
| CRP, mg/L, (n = 209), median (IQR) | <8.0 | 62.8 20–141.8) | 95 (53.5–201.6) | 41.2 (14.8–91.4) | <0.001 |
| Peak CRP, mg/L, (n = 189), median (IQR) | <8.0 | 136.3 (2–288) | 288 (138.8–326.5) | 61.1 (29–141.2) | <0.001 |
| Initial D dimer, ng/ml, (n = 229), median (IQR) | < 500 | 903 (569–1363) | 1072 (703–1624.5) | 704 (491–1189.5) | <0.001 |
| Peak D dimer, ng/ml, (n = 202), median (IQR) | < 500 | 2313 (1030.5–4000) | 3678.5 (1875.8–5696) | 1140 (723–2460) | <0.001 |
| Initial hs troponin <6 ng/L, n (%) | 60/230 (26.1) | 18/108 (16.7) | 42/122 (34.3) | 0.003 | |
| Peak hs troponin <6 ng/L, n (%) | 52/230 (22.6) | 13/108 (12) | 39/122 (32) | <0.001 | |
| Initial hs troponin, ng/L (n = 170), median, (IQR) | Male: 0 −14 Female: 0 - 9 | 17 (10.3–30.8) | 16.5 (11–30.8) | 17.5 (9–30.3) | 0.3 |
| Peak hs troponin, ng/L (n = 178), median, (IQR) | Male: 0 – 14 Female: 0 - 9 | 20 (11–37.8) | 22 (11.5–46.5) | 17 (9–32.5) | 0.03 |
| Myocardial injury (n = 230), N (%) | 121/230 (52.6) | 71/108 (65.7) | 50/122 (41) | <0.001 | |
| NT-proBNP, pg/ml (n = 136), median (IQR) | Age <50 years: 0–450 Age 50–75 years: 0–900 Age >75 years: 0–1800 | 227.5 (71.5–1153) | 340.5 (104.5–1429.8) | 97 (23.8–428.8) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein; CK, creatine kinase; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; hs troponin, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; N, number of patients; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide.