Table3.

Summary of clinical indicators for predicting diabetic kidney disease or nondiabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Indicators	References
Family history	[15]
Duration of diabetes	[16, 21, 22, 24, 26, 29, 37, 41, 44, 48, 54, 69, 72, 74–76, 80]
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)	[16, 26, 32, 33, 53, 72]
Diabetic retinopathy	[18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 29, 31, 32, 37–40, 44, 46, 48, 51, 53, 54, 69–77, 80]
Hematuria	[21, 26, 45, 48, 66, 74, 75]
Proteinuria	[20, 21, 23, 34, 37, 74, 80]
Serum total protein/albumin	[20, 33]
Hemoglobin	[24]
Serum creatinine	[20, 31, 79]
Fasting blood glucose	[32, 71, 73]
Hypertension	[44, 72]
Complement level	[68, 74]
Immunoglobin G (IgG)	[22, 68, 79]
Cystatin C	[67, 78]