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. 2020 Aug 18;11(8):655. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-02897-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Schematic illustration of the cortical injury model in this study. Cortical injury to the motor cortex (red) damages the CST (dotted blue lines). AAV-phSyn1-tdTomato-T2A-SypEGFP was injected into the contralesional (uninjured) motor cortex to label the intact CST and synapses. DMSO or CI-994 was injected once a day from 28 days after the injury. The sprouting axons (red line) of the intact CST cross the midline into the denervated side of the spinal cord (Contra) and form synapses, labeled by GFP (green). b Representative images showing AAV-labeled CST axons (red) and synaptic boutons (green) in the cervical spinal cord of Sham and CCI mice at day 42 day after brain injury. Arrowheads show synaptophysin-GFP-positive synaptic boutons. Scale bar: 20 μm. c, d Quantitative analysis of the number of GFP-labeled synapses (c) and tdTomato-labeled CST fibers (d) in the Ipsi (AAV-injected CST path thorough) or Contra (AAV-uninjected CST path through) side of the cervical cord of the Sham or CCI mice. n = 7 (Sham group), 6 (CCI group). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005; Student′s t test. e Representative images showing AAV-labeled CST axons (red) and synaptic boutons (green) in the cervical spinal cord of vehicle-treated (DMSO) and HDAC inhibitor-treated (CI-994) mice 42 days after brain injury. Arrowheads show synaptophysin-GFP-positive synaptic boutons. Scale bar: 20 μm. f, g Quantitative analysis of the number of GFP-labeled synapses (f) and tdTomato-labeled CST fibers (g) in the Ipsi (AAV-injected CST path thorough) or Contra (AAV-uninjected CST path through) side of the cervical cord of the vehicle-treated (DMSO) and HDAC inhibitor-treated (CI-994) mice. n = 5 (DMSO, CI-994). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; Student′s t test.