Table 2.

Results of the multiple linear regression analysis regarding the effect of different housing parameters on selected indicators of lying comfort, cow cleanliness and animal health in dairy cattle

Welfare indicators/housing parameters	Estimate	SE	P-value	R2
Duration of the lying down process
Intercept	7.23	1.34	<0.001	0.307
Cow-to-cubicle ratio	−0.01	0.01	0.126
Neck rail height	−0.01	0.01	0.156
Rubber mat cubicle (v. deep bedded)	0.83	0.17	<0.001
Collisions with cubicles
Intercept	39.12	13.57	0.006	0.026
Cow-to-cubicle ratio	−0.22	0.13	0.114
Cows lying outside cubicles
Intercept	9.05	3.68	0.017	0.021
Divider height	−0.10	0.06	0.135
Cows with dirty legs
Intercept	109.97	40.21	0.008	0.386
Neck rail height	−0.84	0.33	0.012
Rubber mat cubicle (v. deep bedded)	34.17	6.23	<0.001
Cows with dirty flanks
Intercept	242.10	107.22	0.028	0.108
Cow-to-cubicle ratio	−0.29	0.19	0.127
Cubicle width	−1.85	0.77	0.019
Neck rail to curb	0.31	0.29	0.181
Cows with dirty udders
Intercept	149.80	46.09	0.002	0.448
Length × width	−0.29	0.14	0.036
Neck rail height	−0.70	0.27	0.013
Rubber mat cubicle (v. deep bedded)	30.52	5.19	<0.001
Cows with lesions/swellings
Intercept	−89.39	55.23	0.111	0.174
Cubicle width	0.89	0.49	0.073
Rubber mat cubicle (v. deep bedded)	13.05	3.70	0.001
Cows with severe lameness
Intercept	48.50	26.67	0.074	0.144
Cow-to-cubicle ratio	−0.24	0.09	0.007
Cubicle length	0.13	0.09	0.136
Neck rail height	−0.30	0.14	0.040
Access to pasture (v. zero-grazing)	5.59	3.70	0.135
Cows with subclinical mastitis incidence
Intercept	−2.84	16.39	0.863	0.063
Neck rail to curb	0.12	0.08	0.153
Access to pasture (v. zero-grazing)	−5.37	2.67	0.049

SE = standard error; P < 0.20; R² = coefficient of determination.