Table 2.
(Sex-stratified) clinical characteristics of diabetes patients with (N = 53) or without HFpEF (N = 52).
| Total population | Women | Men | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (N = 52) | HFpEF (N = 53) | Controls (N = 26) | HFpEF (N = 28) | Controls (N = 24) | HFpEF (N = 27) | |
| Age (years) | 69.8 ± 6.9 | 75.4 ± 6.81 | 69.2 ± 7.5 | 75.2 ± 5.91 | 70.4 ± 6.3 | 75.6 ± 7.71 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.6 ± 5.1 | 30.1 ± 4.11 | 28.3 ± 6.0 | 31.5 ± 4.41 | 26.8 ± 4 | 28.7 ± 3.3 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 159.7 ± 21.7 | 162.3 ± 22.0 | 165.6 ± 24.8 | 162.7 ± 21.7 | 153.8 ± 16.5 | 162.7 ± 22.8 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 89 ± 11 | 89.9 ± 11.1 | 92 ± 12.3 | 91.3 ± 11.6 | 86 ± 8.6 | 88.4 ± 10.5 |
| Current or former smoker | 5 (8%) | 9 (15%) | 3 (10%) | 2 (7%) | 2 (7%) | 7 (23%) |
| Hypertension | 38 (63%) | 44 (73%) | 23 (77%) | 26 (87%) | 15 (50%) | 18 (60%) |
| eGFR < 60 ml/min | 7 (13%) | 12 (22%) | 5 (17%) | 5 (19%) | 2 (8%) | 7 (25%) |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 77 (65–87) | 77 (65–91) | 70 (60.5–81) | 67.5 (60.5–76.5) | 82 (73.8–92.3) | 89 (76–102) |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 45 (75%) | 38 (63%) | 22 (73%) | 20 (67%) | 23 (77%) | 18 (60%) |
| Echocardiography | ||||||
| Ejection fraction | 60.6 (54.5–65.9) | 60.8 (55.0–65.6) | 61.4 (55.8–66.6) | 61.0 (56.9–68.2) | 60.4 (54.2–63.0) | 59.3 (53.4–64.9) |
| EA ratio | 0.80 ± 0.19 | 0.83 ± 0.62 | 0.80 ± 0.19 | 0.80 ± 0.38 | 0.79 ± 0.19 | 0.87 ± 0.81 |
| E/E’ ratio | 8.6 (7.2–10.2) | 10.6 (9.2–12.7)2 | 9.8 (8.0–10.8) | 11.5 (10.3–14.7)2 | 8.3 (6.3–9.0) | 9.9 (7.8–11)2 |
| LAVI (mL/m2) | 24.2 (18.4–29.9) | 29.3 (25–34.1)2 | 24.4 (18–31.3) | 27.7 (24.5–32.2) | 24.0 (19.6–29.6) | 32.4 (25.5–37.4)2 |
| RWT | 0.31 (0.28–0.34) | 0.31 (0.26–0.38) | 0.32 (0.28–0.34) | 0.33 (0.30–0.41) | 0.31 (0.27–0.24) | 0.29 (0.24–0.36) |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 8 (5–12) | 13.5 (8–28.3)2 | 10 (5–16.5) | 13 (8–22.5) | 7 (4.8–9.3) | 15.5 (8–37.3)2 |
EA ratio, ratio of early (e) to late (a) ventricular filling; E/E’ ratio, ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling (E) to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E'); LAVI, left atrial volume index; RWT, relative wall thickness; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide. Parametric data is presented as mean ± SD or median ± SD. Non-parametric data is presented as median and IQR. Categorical data is presented as frequency and percentage. 1p < 0.05 (significant difference between groups) as determined by Independent samples T-test for normally distributed continuous variables. 2p < 0.05 (significant difference between groups) as determined by Independent Samples Mann–Whitney U test.