Fig. 10.
(A) Statistical analysis of the effect of NPs on the compressibility of Infasurf. *p < 0.05 for comparison to pure Infasurf. NPs significantly increased the compressibility during compression (κcomp) and decreased the compressibility during expansion (κexp). The extent is proportional to hydrophobicity. (B) Compression and expansion cycles for pure Infasurf and Infasurf with NPs. The hysteresis area was increased with NPs and the extent increased with hydrophobicity. (A)(B) The data were obtained with constrained drop surfactometer at 37°C and cycled at a physiological relevant rate (3s/cycle). P02A: acid-terminated PLGA, P103E: ester-terminated PLGA, PST: polystyrene. The hydrophobicity increases as a manner that P02A is the least hydrophobic, P103E is the medial and PST is the most hydrophobic [198]. Reprinted with permission from Valle et al. [198]. Copyright (2014) American Chemical Society. (C) BAM images (311 μm*418 μm) of pure DPPC on pure water subphase, and DPPC on SiO2 (1 wt %) and carbon black (CB) dispersions at Π = 7.5 mN/m. Compared with CB, the stronger distorting effect on the domain size and shape caused by SiO2 is mainly from electrostatic attraction [189]. Reprinted with permission from Guzmán et al. [189]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society