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. 2020 Jul 21;13(3):225–233. doi: 10.21053/ceo.2020.00360

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Copyright © 2020 by Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 3. — Tongue muscles and branches of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). The medial branches of CN XII (med CN-XII) and first cervical spinal nerve (C1) selectively innervate the primary upper airway dilators: the genioglossus (GG) and geniohyoid (GH) muscles, respectively. The lateral branches of the hypoglossal nerve (lat CN-XII) innervate the retrusor muscles: the hyoglossus (HG) and styloglossus (SG). The ideal placement of the stimulation cuff electrode is distal to the lateral branch of CN XII, thereby including the medial branch and C1 nerve. T/V, transverse and vertical; SL, superior longitudinal; IL, inferior longitudinal; GGo, genioglossus oblique; GGh, genioglossus horizontal.