Table 1.

Indications and contraindications for upper airway stimulation

Indication and contraindication
Indication
- Moderate to severe OSA: AHI 15–65 events per hour
- PAP failure
- Age >22 yr
- BMI <32 kg/m2
Contraindication
- Central+mixed apnea >25% of the total AHI
- Complete concentric palatal collapse on DISE
- Pregnancy
- Preexisting anatomic variants or neurologic disorders
- Patients who require MRI

OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; PAP, positive airway pressure; BMI, body mass index; DISE, drug-induced sleep endoscopy; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.