Table 2.
Comparison of the clinical implications of MMA and UAS
| MMA | UAS | |
|---|---|---|
| Indication | - Dentofacial deformity | - Older patients with preexisting comorbidities |
| - Phase II surgery as per original Stanford protocol | - AHI: 15–65 events per hour | |
| - Significant lateral pharyngeal wall collapse and concentric collapse of the velum on DISE | ||
| Strength | - Expands the lateral pharyngeal airway | - Titratable and adjustable |
| - Possible in patients with very severe AHI (>65 events per hour) and a complete circumferential collapse pattern on DISE | - Suitable option for older patients with preexistent comorbidities | |
| - Short recovery time | ||
| Limitation | - More invasive intervention | - Contraindicated in patients with complete circumferential collapse pattern in DISE |
| - Contraindicated in older patients with preexisting comorbidities | - Incompatibility with MRI | |
| - Longer recovery time | - High cost of implant |
MMA, maxillomandibular advancement; UAS, upper airway stimulation; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; DISE, drug-induced sleep endoscopy; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.