Table 3.

The differences among participants with multiple joint pain sites according to the presence of tinnitus after adjusting for confounding variables

Parameter	OR (95% CI)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Knee joint pain	1.72 (1.49–1.97)	1.50 (1.30–1.74)	1.39 (1.19–1.61)
Knee stiffness	2.04 (1.72–2.41)	1.74 (1.46–2.06)	1.61 (1.34–1.93)
Hip joint pain	1.93 (1.63–2.29)	1.72 (1.44–2.04)	1.51 (1.25–1.81)
Backache	1.67 (1.46–1.91)	1.47 (1.28–1.69)	1.32 (1.14–1.53)
P-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

The risks for tinnitus were significantly related to knee joint pain, knee stiffness, hip joint pain, and backache. Model 1: non-adjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age and sex; Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, presence of hearing loss, smoking history, alcohol intake, regular exercise, educational level, income, sleep time, stress status, presence of depressed mood, and body mass index.

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.