Table 1.
Larvicidal activity of essential oils against the Ae. aegypti mosquito.
| Plant Species | Family | Country | Part Used | Larval Stage | Mortality | Time of Analysis (h) | Reference | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Death | Concentration (ppm) | LC50 (ppm) | LC90 (ppm) | |||||||
| Acacia nilótica (L.) Delile | Fabaceae | India | Seeds | L4 | ND | ND | 3.17 | 11.73 | 24 | [58] |
| Alpinia purpurata (Viell.) K. Schum. | Zingiberaceae | Brazil | Red flowers | L4 | ND | ND | 80.70 | ND | 24 | [67] |
| Pink flowers | L4 | ND | ND | 71.50 | ||||||
| Baccharis reticularia DC. | Asteraceae | Brazil | Leaves | L4 | ND | ND | 221.27 | 457.47 | 24 | [68] |
| Bauhinia pulchella Benth. | Fabaceae | Brazil | Leaves | L3 | ND | ND | 105.90 | ND | 24 | [69] |
| Bauhinia ungulata L. | Fabaceae | Brazil | Leaves | L3 | ND | ND | 75.10 | ND | 24 | [69] |
| Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh. | Lauraceae | Taiwan | Leaves | L4 | ND | ND | 36.0 to 177.0 | 79.0 to 296.0 | 24 | [64] |
| Croton rhamnifolioides Pax & K. Hoffm. | Euphorbiaceae | Brazil | Leaves | L4 | ND | ND | 89.0 and 122.30 | ND | 24 | [70] |
| Cunninghamia konishii Hayata | Taxodiaceae | Taiwan | Wood | L4 | ND | ND | 85.70 | 171.40 | 24 | [71] |
| Leaves | L4 | ND | ND | 91.70 | 176.50 | |||||
| Curcuma longa L. | Zingiberaceae | Thailand | Rhizome | L4 (p-s) | ND | ND | 65.51 | 110.93 | 24 | [60] |
| Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. | Myrtaceae | Taiwan | Leaves | L4 | ND | ND | 31.0 | 71.80 | 24 | [61] |
| Eucalyptus nitens (H. Deane & Maiden) Maiden | Myrtaceae | Argentina | Leaves | L3/L4 | ND | ND | 52.83 | ND | 24 | [62] |
| Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake | Myrtaceae | Taiwan | Leaves | L4 | ND | ND | 95.50 | 166.30 | 24 | [61] |
| Ferula galbaniflua Boiss. & Buhse | Apiaceae | Corea | Resin | L3 | 90 | 100.0 | ND | ND | 48 | [45] |
| Foeniculum vulgare Mill. | Apiaceae | Thailand | Fruit | L4 (p-s) | ND | ND | 44.84 | 57.05 | 24 | [60] |
| Hyssopus officinalis L. | Lamiaceae | Corea | Flowers | L3 | 95 | 100.0 | ND | ND | 48 | [45] |
| Illicium verum Hook. f. | Illiciaceae | Brazil | Fruit | L3 | ND | ND | 39.80 | 53.0 | 24 | [54] |
| Larix europea Lam. & A. DC. | Pinaceae | Corea | Resin | L3 | 87 | 100.0 | ND | ND | 48 | [45] |
| Limnophila aromatica (Lamk.) Merr. | Scrophulariaceae | Thailand | Whole plant | L4 (p-s) | ND | ND | 47.94 | 65.14 | 24 | [60] |
| Mentha spicata L. | Lamiaceae | India | Leaves | L3 | ND | ND | 56.08 | 110.28 | 24 | [72] |
| Myristica fragrans Houtt. | Myristicaceae | Thailand | Flowers | L4 (p-s) | ND | ND | 47.42 | 69.28 | 24 | [60] |
| Brazil | Seeds | L3 | ND | ND | 28.20 | 41.70 | 24 | [54] | ||
| Myroxylon pereirae (Royle) Klotzsch | Fabaceae | Corea | Resin | L3 | 97.5 | 100.0 | ND | ND | 48 | [45] |
| 95 | 50.0 | ND | ND | |||||||
| Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér. ex Aiton | Geraniaceae | Corea | Leaves | L3 | 82 | 100.0 | ND | ND | 48 | [45] |
| Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A.W. Hill | Apiaceae | Thailand | Fruit | L4 (p-s) | ND | ND | 43.22 | 66.60 | 24 | [60] |
| L4 (p-s 1) | ND | ND | 44.50 | 68.29 | 24 | |||||
| L4 (p-s 2) | ND | ND | 44.03 | 67.71 | 24 | |||||
| Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. | Myrtaceae | Brazil | Fruit | L3 | ND | ND | 104.40 | 137.30 | 24 | [54] |
| Pinus sylvestris L. | Pinaceae | Nigeria | Needles | L4 | ND | ND | 100.39 | ND | 24 | [73] |
| Piper aduncum L. | Piperaceae | Brazil | Leaves | L3/L4 | ND | ND | 289.90 | 654.90 | 24 | [74] |
| ND | ND | 134.10 | 527.10 | 48 | ||||||
| Piper sarmentosum Roxb. ex Hunt. | Piperaceae | Thailand | Stem and Leaves | L4 (p-s) | ND | ND | 49.19 | 75.10 | 24 | [60] |
| Pogostemon patchouli Pellet. | Lamiaceae | Corea | Whole plant | L3 | 97 | 100.0 | ND | ND | 48 | [45] |
| Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. | Asteraceae | Brazil | Flowers and leaves | L3 | ND | ND | 60.90 | 132.48 | 24 | [75] |
| L4 | ND | ND | 72.28 | 173.65 | 24 | |||||
| Psidium guajava L. | Myrtaceae | Brazil | Leaves | L4 | ND | ND | 39.48 to 64.25 | 57.34 to 86.0 | 24 | [65] |
| Pterodon emarginatus Vogel | Fabaceae | Brazil | Fruit | L4 | ND | ND | 34.75 | ND | 48 | [66] |
| Rosmarinus officinalis L. | Lamiaceae | Brazil | Leaves | L4 | 80 | 250.0 | ND | ND | 24 | [76] |
| 90 | 250.0 | ND | ND | 48 | ||||||
| Sphaeranthus indicus L. | Asteraceae | India | Leaves | L4 | ND | ND | 140.0 | 350.0 | 24 | [77] |
| Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry | Myrtaceae | Nigeria | Bud | L4 | ND | ND | 92.56 | ND | 24 | [73] |
| Tanacetum argenteum (Lam.) Willd. subsp. argenteum (Lam.) | Asteraceae | Turkey | Aerial parts | L1 | ND | ND | 93.30 | 241.70 | 24 | [78] |
| Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague | Apiaceae | Corea | Seeds | L3 | 100 | 100.0 | ND | ND | 48 | [45] |
| 80 | 50.0 | ND | ND | |||||||
LC50 lethal concentration required to kill 50% of the larval population, LC90 lethal concentration required to kill 90% of the larval population, ND not described, p-s pyrethroid-susceptible.