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. 2020 Jul 31;25(15):3484. doi: 10.3390/molecules25153484

Table 3.

Larvicidal activity of organic/aqueous extracts against the Ae. aegypti mosquito.

Plant Species Family Country Part Used Extraction Solvent Larval Stage Mortality Time (h) Reference
LC50 (ppm) LC90 (ppm)
Acacia nilótica (L.) Delile Fabaceae India Seed pod n-Hexane L4 169.25 201.62 24 [58]
Benzene L4 45.32 99.32 24 [58]
Chloroform L4 158.13 198.24 24 [58]
Ethyl acetate L4 59.12 75.82 24 [58]
Acetone L4 103.68 162.03 24 [58]
Acalypha alnifolia Klein ex Willd. Euphorbiaceae India Leaves n-Hexane L4 202.15 476.57 24 [80]
Chloroform L4 182.58 460.83 24 [80]
Ethyl acetate L4 160.35 440.78 24 [80]
Acetone L4 146.07 415.38 24 [80]
Methanol L4 128.55 381.67 24 [80]
Aristolochia bracteata Retz. Aristolochiaceae India Leaves Methanol L3 114.89 216.24 24 [81]
Artemisia herba-alba Asso Asteraceae Saudi Arabia Leaves Water L4—India 117.18 227.63 24 [82]
Water L4—Saudi Arabia 614.52 1273.33 24 [82]
Water + AgNP L4—India 10.70 21.24 24 [82]
Water + AgNP L4—Saudi Arabia 33.58 57.0 24 [82]
Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn. Rutaceae India Leaves Petroleum ether L4 125.0 190.0 ND [83]
Buddleja polystachya Fresen. Buddlejaceae Saudi Arabia Flowers n-Butanol L1 ND ND ND [84]
Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Fabaceae India Leaves Ethyl acetate L3 144.67 276.99 24 [85]
Benzene L3 136.36 272.15 24 [85]
Cassia fistula L. Fabaceae India Leaves Methanol L3 10.69 20.47 24 [86]
Benzene L3 18.27 35.67 24 [86]
Acetone L3 23.95 47.13 24 [86]
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Apocynaceae India Leaves Petroleum ether L4 145.0 255.0 24 [83]
Cinnamosma fragrans Baill. Canellaceae Madagascar Root Bark Methanol L1 52.5 ND 24 [87]
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Cucurbitaceae India Leaves Petroleum ether L4 74.57 538.30 24 [88]
Cunninghamia konishii Hayata Taxodiaceae Taiwan Wood Ethanol L4 240.0 >400.0 24 [73]
Leaves Ethanol L4 >400.0 >400.0 24 [73]
Dalbergia brasiliensis Vogel Fabaceae Brazil Leaves Ethanol L3 30.0 91.0 24 [89]
n-Hexane Fraction L3 44.0 81.0 24 [89]
Chloroform Fraction L3 33.0 75.0 24 [89]
Ethyl acetate Fraction L3 24.0 66.0 24 [89]
Bark Ethanol L3 32.0 71.0 24 [89]
n-Hexane Fraction L3 31.0 72.0 24 [89]
Chloroform Fraction L3 25.0 50.0 24 [89]
Ethyl acetate Fraction L3 28.0 93.0 24 [89]
Echinops transiliensis Golosk. Asteraceae Kazakhstan Root Dichlorometane ND 3.21 6.81 24 [90]
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk Asteraceae India Leaves Benzene L3 151.38 274.34 24 [91]
n-Hexane L3 165.10 297.70 24 [91]
Ethyl acetate L3 154.88 288.61 24 [91]
Methanol L3 127.64 245.73 24 [91]
Chloroform L3 146.28 274.42 24 [91]
Ervatamia coronaria (Jacq.) Stapf. Apocynaceae India Leaves Ethyl acetate L3 97.53 179.37 24 [85]
Benzene L3 89.59 166.04 24 [85]
Eupatorium odoratum L. Asteraceae India Leaves Petroleum ether L4 155.0 290.0 ND [83]
Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae India Leaves Petroleum ether L4 272.36 703.76 24 [92]
Euphorbia tirucalli L. Euphorbiaceae India Stem bark Petroleum ether L4 4.25 13.14 24 [92]
Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae India Leaves Methanol L2 56.54 109.29 24 [93]
Methanol L3 70.29 137.23 24 [93]
Methanol L4 80.85 169.58 24 [93]
Benzene L2 108.95 227.13 24 [93]
Benzene L3 116.09 235.54 24 [93]
Benzene L4 159.15 430.91 24 [93]
Acetone L2 189.11 444.42 24 [93]
Acetone L3 244.41 573.52 24 [93]
Acetone L4 288.10 668.71 24 [93]
Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn. Rubiaceae Kenya Leaves Acetone L2 83.31 ND 24 [94]
Methanol L2 32.01 ND 24 [94]
Helicteres velutina K. Schum. Malvaceae Brazil Root Ethanol 90% L4 171.68 403.61 48 [95]
Stem Ethanol 90% L4 138.90 319.37 48 [95]
Heracleum rigens Wall. Apiaceae India Seed Petroleum ether L2 40.64 65.49 24 [96]
Chloroform L2 69.22 132.95 24 [96]
Ethyl acetate L2 70.65 93.11 24 [96]
Methanol L2 74.70 135.07 24 [96]
Acetone L2 97.07 198.99 24 [96]
Petroleum ether L3 91.55 162.09 24 [96]
Chloroform L3 114.25 179.99 24 [96]
Ethyl acetate L3 143.48 207.45 24 [96]
Methanol L3 195.57 348.56 24 [96]
Acetone L3 234.77 ND 24 [96]
Petroleum ether L4 113.69 171.12 24 [96]
Chloroform L4 144.64 209.16 24 [96]
Ethyl acetate L4 165.43 230.21 24 [96]
Methanol L4 231.26 361.68 24 [96]
Acetone L4 308.65 577.14 24 [96]
Hypericum japonicum Thunb. Hypericaceae India Whole plant Acetone L4 13.15 18.54 24 [97]
n-Hexane L4 9.63 19.53 24 [97]
Petroleum ether L4 8.27 15.2 24 [97]
Methanol L4 7.37 11.59 24 [97]
Jatropha curcas L. Euphorbiaceae India Leaves Petroleum ether L4 8.79 35.39 24 [92]
Indonesia Root Ethanol ND 44.75 ND 24 [98]
Limonia acidíssima L. Rutaceae India Leaves n-Hexane—Purified fractions L3 4.11 to 23.53 ND 24 [99]
Lonchocarpus urucu Killip & A.C. Sm. Fabaceae Brazil Medulla Root Methanol L4 33.32 83.69 24 [100]
Bark Root Methanol L4 17.60 55.40 24 [100]
Maytenus oblongata Reissek Celasteraceae French Guiana Bark Ethyl acetate L3/L4 74.40 ND 24 [101]
Millettia pachycarpa Benth. Fabaceae India Root Ethanol L3 98.47 ND 24 [102]
Mirabilis jalapa L. Nyctaginaceae India Leaves Benzene L3 97.03 172.15 24 [103]
Chloroform L3 88.20 162.16 24 [103]
Ethyl acetate L3 72.77 127.91 24 [103]
Methanol L3 64.58 120.28 24 [103]
Momordica charantia L. Cucurbitaceae India Leaves Methanol L4 199.14 780.10 24 [88]
Myristica fragans Houtt. Myristicaceae India Leaves Methanol L1 162.03 502.04 24 [53]
Methanol L2 194.11 542.56 24 [53]
Methanol L3 240.10 604.78 24 [53]
Methanol L4 273.90 660.96 24 [53]
Methanol + ZnO NP L1 3.44 18.35 24 [53]
Methanol + ZnO NP L2 5.25 30.37 24 [53]
Methanol + ZnO NP L3 8.02 39.14 24 [53]
Methanol + ZnO NP L4 10.28 44.07 24 [53]
Myristica fragrans Houtt. Myristicaceae Thailand Flowers Ethanol L4 (p-s) 75.45 123.60 24 [60]
Nerine sarniensis (L.) Herb. Amaryllidaceae South Africa Bulb Ethyl acetate L1 8.0 ND 24 [104]
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae India Leaves Petroleum ether L4 180.0 340.0 [83]
Ocimum sanctum L. Labiatae India Leaves and Flowers Acetone L4 425.94 ND 24 [105]
Chloroform L4 150.40 ND 24 [105]
Ethyl acetate L4 350.78 ND 24 [105]
n-Hexane L4 575.26 ND 24 [105]
Methanol L4 175.67 ND 24 [105]
Ormosia arborea Vell Fabaceae Brazil Leaves Ethanol L3 238.0 347.0 24 [106]
Seeds Ethanol L3 111.0 194.0 24 [106]
Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen Labiatae India Leaves n-Hexane L3 228.13 526.12 24 [107]
Chloroform L3 209.72 502.84 24 [107]
Ethyl acetate L3 183.35 463.35 24 [107]
Acetone L3 163.55 442.32 24 [107]
Methanol L3 149.96 426.16 24 [107]
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. Euphorbiaceae India Leaves Petroleum ether L4 55.26 256.77 24 [92]
Pemphis acidula J.R. Forst. & G. Forst. Lythraceae India Leaves Methanol L3 22.10 43.71 24 [108]
Benzene L3 43.99 84.87 24 [108]
Acetone L3 57.66 106.51 24 [108]
Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. Euphorbiaceae India Leaves Petroleum ether L4 90.92 384.19 24 [92]
Piper aduncum L. Piperaceae Brazil Leaves n-Hexane L3 342.0 473.0 24 [106]
Chloroform L3 192.0 346.0 24 [106]
Piper hispidum Sw. Piperaceae Brazil Leaves Ethanol L3 169.0 474.0 24 [106]
Chloroform L3 567.0 1003.0 24 [106]
Piper longum L. Piperaceae Thailand Fruits Ethanol L4 2.23 ND 24 [109]
Piper nigrum L. Piperaceae Philippines Peppercorns Ethanol L3/L4 71.25 9.37 24 [110]
Ethanol—Fraction 1A L3/L4 17.10 3.84 24 [110]
Ethanol—Fraction 1B L3/L4 18.10 3.84 24 [110]
Piper ribesoides Wall. Piperaceae Thailand Wood Ethanol L4 8.13 ND 24 [109]
Piper sarmentosum Roxb. ex Hunt. Piperaceae Thailand Whole plant Ethanol L4 4.06 ND 24 [109]
Pithecellobium Dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Fabaceae India Leaves Methanol L3 155.78 279.73 24 [111]
Ethyl acetate L3 162.36 283.43 24 [111]
Chloroform L3 169.08 293.17 24 [111]
Benzene L3 176.02 308.88 24 [111]
n-Hexane L3 185.14 316.46 24 [111]
Seeds Methanol L3 193.66 377.39 24 [111]
Ethyl acetate L3 215.63 416.51 24 [111]
Chloroform L3 240.39 461.28 24 [111]
Benzene L3 259.42 489.41 24 [111]
n-Hexane L3 281.18 516.33 24 [111]
Scoparia dulcis L. Plantaginaceae Brazil Leaves Ethanol 90% L4 83.43 158.83 48 [112]
Solanum nigrum L. Solanaceae India Fruit Water L3/L4 359.0 931.0 24 [113]
n-Hexane L3/L4 17.63 65.22 24 [113]
Solanum variabile Mart. Solanaceae Brazil Leaves Ethanol L3 188.0 284.0 24 [106]
Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & J.C. Wendl. Solanaceae India Fruit Methanol L1 170.91 320.62 24 [114]
Methanol L2 195.07 366.48 24 [114]
Methanol L3 221.45 410.20 24 [114]
Methanol L4 253.18 435.16 24 [114]
Spermacoce latifólia Aubl. Rubiaceae Brazil Leaves n-Hexane L3 415.0 901.0 24 [106]
Methanol L3 625.0 1122.0 24 [106]
Tagetes patula L. Asteraceae Brazil Seeds Acetone L4 15.74 ND 48 [115]
Ethanol 50% L4 25.46 ND 48 [115]
Turnera ulmifolia L. Turneracea Brazil Leaves Ethanol L3 242.0 899.0 24 [106]
Valeriana hardwickii Wall. Valerianaceae India Leaves Petroleum ether L4 235.0 415.0 ND [83]
Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn. Rhammnaceae India Leaves Water + AgNP L3 26.92 ND 24 [112]
Water L3 267.27 ND 24 [112]
Zeuxine gracilis (Berda) Bl. Orchidaceae India Leaves Water + AgNP L3 10.39 23.58 24 [116]

LC50 lethal concentration required to kill 50% of the larval population, LC90 lethal concentration required to kill 90% of the larval population, ND not described, p-s pyrethroid-susceptible, AgNP silver nanoparticle, ZnONP zinc oxide nanoparticle.