Table 1.
V. austriaca L. metabolites, identified by relevant 1D and 2D NMR spectra.
| Metabolite | Vau-1 1 | Vau-2 1 | Selected Signals, Multiplicity and Coupling Constant 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alanine | + | + | δ 3.71 (q)/δ 1.48 (d, J = 7.4) |
| α-Glucose | + | + | δ 5.18 (d, J = 3.8)/δ 3.49 m |
| β-Glucose | + | + | 4.57 (d, J = 7.9)/3.19 (dd, J = 7.9, 9.2 ) |
| Sucrose | + | + | δ 5.40 (d, J = 3.9) |
| Acetic acid | + | − | δ 1.93 (s) |
| Lactic acid | + | + | δ 4.06 m/δ 1.27 (d, J = 6.5) |
| Succinic acid | + | + | δ 2.47 (s) |
| Formic acid | + | + | δ 8.46 (s) |
| Choline | + | + | δ 3.21 (s) |
| Arbutin | ++++ | ++++ | δ 7.00 (d, J = 8.9)/δ 6.79 (d, J = 8.9)/δ 4.85 (d, J = 7.7)/δ 3.87 (dd, J = 12.3, 2.0)/δ 3.72 (dd, J = 12.3, 5.4) |
| Aucubin | ++ | + | δ 6.29 (dd, J = 6.2, 1.9)/δ 5.79 (t, J = 1.7)/δ 5.09 (dd, J = 6.3, 2.4)/δ 5.07 (d, J = 6.1)/δ 4.70 (d, J = 7.9) |
| Catalpol | + | ++ | δ 6.37 (dd, J = 6.0, 1.8)/δ 5.11 (dd, J = 6.0, 4.6)/δ 5.03 (d, J = 9.8)/δ 4.18 (d, J = 13.3)/δ 3.98 (dd, 8.3, 1.3)/δ 3.78 (d, 13.3)/δ 3.55 (brs)/δ 2.58 (dd, J = 9.8, 7.7)/δ 2.27 m |
| Verbascoside | + | ++ | δ 7.63 (d, J = 15.9)/δ 7.14 (d, J = 2.0)/7.05 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.0)/δ 6.67 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.0)/δ 6.34 (d, J = 15.9)/4.93 (t, J = 9.6)/4.47 (d, J = 7.9)/δ 2.81 (t, J = 7.2) 1.04 (d, J = 6.4) |
1 The number of ‘‘+’’ refers to relative fold differences and ‘‘−’’ to absence of the particular compound. 2 Proton NMR chemical shifts (δ) and coupling constant (J).