The locations of pBD2 on bacteria were detected by IFM (×1000). (a–c) Control bacteria (without the first antibody) dyed by DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), FITC, and DAPI/FITC, respectively; (d–f) bacteria dyed by DAPI, FITC, and DAPI/FITC, respectively. Bacteria were magnified 1000 times. The green fluorescence, which is the result of staining with FITC-labeled secondary antibodies, indicates the location of pBD2. The blue fluorescence, which is the result of staining with DAPI, indicates the location of bacterial DNA. The arrows indicate the cells in which pDB2 is likely to be located inside.