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. 2020 Jul 29;20(15):4219. doi: 10.3390/s20154219

Table A1.

Parameters used for thermal effects estimation due to radiation absorption.

Water IPA
Density, ρ (kg-m-3) 1000 786
Specific heat capacity, c (J-kg-1-K-1) 4179.6 2680
Imaginary part of the complex RI (refractive index), k @ 1.55 µm 1.475 × 10−4 4.389 × 10−5
Duration of the stimulus T (s) 5 × 10−4 5 × 10−4
Bubble radius (r0), where r0=62.5 μm 5.5 3.5
EM delivering volume, VH=43πr3 (m3) 1.70 × 10−10
(170 nL)
0.44 × 10−10
(44 nL)
Temperature increase when VT=4.5 mLΔTH=(VHVT)αI0Tcρ (°C) 0.138 0.021