Table 1.
Current studies investigating roles of carotenoids in apoptotic pathways of brain related diseases.
| Preventing Loss of Bcl-2 | Preventing Loss of Bcl-xL | Preventing Accumulation of Bax | Preventing Accumulation or Release of Cytochrome C | Preventing Accumulation or Activation of Caspase 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β-carotene | [120] | [120] | [120] | ||
| Lycopene | [80,83,89] | [89] | [80,83,89] | [77,83,90] | [80,83] |
| Lutein | [172,173,174,193] | [173] | [173,174,193] | [174] | [173,193] |
| Astaxanthin | [140] | [136] | [137] | ||
| Zeaxanthin | [194] | ||||
| Fucoxanthin | [188] | [188] | [184] | [184,188] |