Table 8.
Comparison of performance between FNN-OSS, existing equations in the literature and other prediction models.
| H (mm) | W (mm) | t (mm) | L (mm) | fy (Mpa) | f’c (Mpa) | Exp. Nu (kN) | Predicted by Proposed Equation of Han et al. 2005 [119] (kN) | Predicted by Proposed Equation of Wang et al. 2017 [120] (kN) | Predicted by Proposed Equation of Ding et al. 2014 [60] (kN) | Predicted by SVM (kN) | Predicted by FL (kN) | Predicted by EBT (kN) | Predicted by FNN-OSS (kN) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 150 | 150 | 4.5 | 600 | 438.4 | 31.9 | 1623.1 | 1950.7 | 1674.0 | 2011.4 | 2134.2 | 2242.4 | 1282.6 | 1690.7 | [65] |
| 150 | 150 | 4.5 | 1200 | 438.4 | 31.9 | 1611.2 | 1950.7 | 1674.0 | 2011.4 | 2013.9 | 2107.3 | 1266.9 | 1613.8 | |
| 150 | 150 | 4.5 | 1800 | 438.4 | 31.9 | 1598.2 | 1950.7 | 1674.0 | 2011.4 | 1893.5 | 1972.1 | 1266.9 | 1549.2 | |
| 150 | 150 | 4.5 | 2700 | 438.4 | 31.9 | 1378.0 | 1950.7 | 1674.0 | 2011.4 | 1712.9 | 1769.4 | 1239.5 | 1446.1 | |
| 150 | 150 | 4.5 | 3600 | 438.4 | 31.9 | 1161.8 | 1950.7 | 1674.0 | 2011.4 | 1532.3 | 1566.7 | 1152.4 | 1253.5 | |
| 150 | 150 | 4.5 | 4500 | 438.4 | 31.9 | 923.7 | 1950.7 | 1674.0 | 2011.4 | 1351.7 | 1363.9 | 1152.4 | 1091.0 | |
| 100.2 | 100.2 | 2.18 | 300.6 | 300.0 | 25.7 | 609.0 | 542.7 | 461.6 | 543.8 | 165.6 | −108.9 | 621.1 | 492.3 | [86] |
| 200.3 | 200.3 | 4.35 | 600.9 | 322.0 | 29.6 | 2230.0 | 2421.2 | 2050.0 | 2404.1 | 2907.4 | 3314.9 | 2247.6 | 2262.0 | |
| 300.5 | 300.5 | 6.1 | 901.5 | 395.0 | 26.5 | 5102.0 | 5443.9 | 4682.0 | 5607.5 | 5535.8 | 6561.6 | 4467.1 | 4835.7 | |
| 100.1 | 100.1 | 2.18 | 300.3 | 300.0 | 53.7 | 851.0 | 872.9 | 712.4 | 799.6 | 590.7 | 376.3 | 791.2 | 708.9 | |
| 200.1 | 200.1 | 4.35 | 600.3 | 322.0 | 57.9 | 3201.0 | 3754.5 | 3062.8 | 3437.2 | 3334.9 | 3802.7 | 2790.6 | 3231.9 | |
| 300.7 | 300.7 | 6.1 | 902.1 | 395.0 | 52.2 | 6496.0 | 8191.4 | 6782.8 | 7751.9 | 5932.0 | 7014.5 | 6038.7 | 6509.3 | |
| 100.1 | 100.1 | 2.18 | 300.3 | 300.0 | 61.0 | 911.0 | 959.3 | 778.0 | 866.5 | 702.0 | 503.4 | 816.6 | 775.9 | |
| 200.3 | 200.3 | 4.35 | 600.9 | 322.0 | 63.7 | 3417.0 | 4035.5 | 3276.8 | 3655.9 | 3427.5 | 3909.0 | 2828.7 | 3435.8 | |
| 110 | 110 | 5 | 330 | 784.2 | 28.0 | 1836.0 | 2093.5 | 1837.1 | 2256.2 | 2081.5 | 1874.7 | 2101.4 | 1913.9 | [79] |
| 110 | 110 | 5 | 330 | 784.2 | 28.0 | 1832.0 | 2093.5 | 1837.1 | 2256.2 | 2081.5 | 1874.7 | 2101.4 | 1913.9 | |
| 160 | 160 | 5 | 480 | 784.2 | 30.0 | 2868.0 | 3257.3 | 2918.5 | 3592.2 | 3150.2 | 3212.3 | 3046.3 | 2824.6 | |
| 160 | 160 | 5 | 480 | 784.2 | 30.0 | 2922.0 | 3257.3 | 2918.5 | 3592.2 | 3150.2 | 3212.3 | 3046.3 | 2824.6 | |
| 210 | 210 | 5 | 630 | 784.2 | 32.0 | 3710.0 | 4678.3 | 4149.1 | 5138.3 | 4219.0 | 4549.9 | 3613.9 | 3894.0 | |
| 210 | 210 | 5 | 630 | 784.2 | 32.0 | 3483.0 | 4678.3 | 4149.1 | 5138.3 | 4219.0 | 4549.9 | 3613.9 | 3894.0 | |
| 100 | 100 | 1.9 | 300 | 404.0 | 96.1 | 1209.0 | 1410.2 | 1136.9 | 1250.5 | 1366.2 | 1183.2 | 1005.1 | 1044.1 | [90] |
| 100 | 100 | 1.9 | 300 | 404.0 | 96.1 | 1220.0 | 1410.2 | 1136.9 | 1250.5 | 1366.2 | 1183.2 | 1005.1 | 1044.1 | |
| 100 | 100 | 1.9 | 300 | 404.0 | 96.1 | 1190.0 | 1410.2 | 1136.9 | 1250.5 | 1366.2 | 1183.2 | 1005.1 | 1044.1 | |
| 100 | 100 | 1.9 | 300 | 404.0 | 96.1 | 1220.0 | 1410.2 | 1136.9 | 1250.5 | 1366.2 | 1183.2 | 1005.1 | 1044.1 | |
| 100 | 100 | 1.9 | 900 | 404.0 | 96.1 | 1013.0 | 1410.2 | 1136.9 | 1250.5 | 1245.8 | 1048.1 | 979.8 | 1140.7 | |
| 100 | 100 | 1.9 | 900 | 404.0 | 96.1 | 1010.0 | 1410.2 | 1136.9 | 1250.5 | 1245.8 | 1048.1 | 979.8 | 1140.7 | |
| 100 | 100 | 1.9 | 1500 | 404.0 | 96.1 | 915.0 | 1410.2 | 1136.9 | 1250.5 | 1125.4 | 912.9 | 979.8 | 1225.9 | |
| 100 | 100 | 1.9 | 1500 | 404.0 | 96.1 | 945.0 | 1410.2 | 1136.9 | 1250.5 | 1125.4 | 912.9 | 979.8 | 1225.9 | |
| 100 | 100 | 1.9 | 3000 | 404.0 | 96.1 | 474.0 | 1410.2 | 1136.9 | 1250.5 | 824.4 | 575.0 | 488.7 | 478.9 | |
| 100 | 100 | 1.9 | 3000 | 404.0 | 96.1 | 466.0 | 1410.2 | 1136.9 | 1250.5 | 824.4 | 575.0 | 488.7 | 478.9 | |
| 150 | 150 | 8 | 450 | 779.0 | 152.3 | 6536.0 | 7813.8 | 6055.8 | 6982.4 | 5572.8 | 6060.2 | 6403.0 | 7010.3 | [85] |
| 150 | 150 | 8 | 450 | 779.0 | 157.2 | 6715.0 | 7943.9 | 6142.0 | 7070.4 | 5647.6 | 6145.6 | 6403.0 | 6916.8 | |
| 150 | 150 | 8 | 450 | 779.0 | 147.0 | 6616.0 | 7673.1 | 5962.5 | 6887.3 | 5492.0 | 5967.9 | 6375.1 | 7079.1 | |
| 150 | 150 | 8 | 450 | 779.0 | 164.1 | 7276.0 | 8127.1 | 6263.5 | 7194.3 | 5752.8 | 6265.8 | 6403.0 | 6739.8 | |
| 150 | 150 | 8 | 450 | 779.0 | 148.0 | 6974.0 | 7699.6 | 5980.1 | 6905.2 | 5507.2 | 5985.3 | 6403.0 | 7068.8 | |
| 150 | 150 | 12 | 450 | 756.0 | 152.3 | 8585.0 | 10,076.1 | 7174.7 | 8427.2 | 6561.1 | 7338.7 | 7837.1 | 8722.7 | |
| 150 | 150 | 12 | 450 | 756.0 | 157.2 | 8452.0 | 10,206.2 | 7250.9 | 8505.0 | 6635.8 | 7424.1 | 7837.1 | 8633.5 | |
| 150 | 150 | 12 | 450 | 756.0 | 147.0 | 8687.0 | 9935.4 | 7092.2 | 8343.1 | 6480.2 | 7246.4 | 7723.4 | 8802.9 | |
| 150 | 150 | 12 | 450 | 756.0 | 164.1 | 8730.0 | 10,389.4 | 7358.3 | 8614.5 | 6741.1 | 7544.3 | 7837.1 | 8477.2 | |
| 150 | 150 | 12 | 450 | 756.0 | 148.0 | 8912.0 | 9962.0 | 7107.8 | 8358.9 | 6495.5 | 7263.8 | 7837.1 | 8789.0 | |
| 150 | 150 | 12.5 | 450 | 446.0 | 152.3 | 5953.0 | 7796.7 | 5212.4 | 6059.2 | 6082.8 | 7015.5 | 6100.8 | 6055.0 | |
| 150 | 150 | 12.5 | 450 | 446.0 | 157.2 | 5911.0 | 7926.8 | 5287.4 | 6135.8 | 6157.5 | 7100.9 | 6100.8 | 6042.5 | |
| 150 | 150 | 12.5 | 450 | 446.0 | 147.0 | 6039.0 | 7655.9 | 5131.2 | 5976.4 | 6002.0 | 6923.2 | 6015.0 | 6036.6 | |
| 150 | 150 | 12.5 | 450 | 446.0 | 164.1 | 6409.0 | 8109.9 | 5393.0 | 6243.6 | 6262.8 | 7221.1 | 6100.8 | 5980.2 | |
| 150 | 150 | 12.5 | 450 | 446.0 | 148.0 | 6285.0 | 7682.5 | 5146.5 | 5992.0 | 6017.2 | 6940.6 | 6100.8 | 6042.6 | |
| 197 | 197 | 6.4 | 600 | 437.9 | 21.0 | 2730.0 | 3038.9 | 2665.7 | 3276.4 | 3462.5 | 3933.0 | 3032.7 | 2879.8 | [92] |
| 198.5 | 198.5 | 6.1 | 600 | 437.9 | 20.4 | 3010.0 | 2931.7 | 2581.4 | 3174.5 | 3407.7 | 3863.9 | 2919.2 | 2808.2 | |
| 200.5 | 200.5 | 6.3 | 600 | 437.9 | 19.3 | 2830.0 | 2991.0 | 2639.0 | 3254.0 | 3486.0 | 3964.7 | 2919.2 | 2865.5 | |
| 201 | 201 | 10.3 | 600 | 381.7 | 21.0 | 3980.0 | 4165.4 | 3459.7 | 4281.9 | 4445.3 | 5233.3 | 3955.0 | 3689.9 | |
| 201 | 201 | 10 | 600 | 381.7 | 20.4 | 3920.0 | 4028.7 | 3366.3 | 4167.2 | 4358.5 | 5124.1 | 3955.0 | 3567.5 | |
| 199.5 | 199.5 | 10.1 | 600 | 381.7 | 19.3 | 3900.0 | 3981.2 | 3325.7 | 4126.1 | 4336.2 | 5098.5 | 3685.4 | 3542.5 | |
| Min of Δ | 89.1 | 75.8 | 89.3 | 27.2 | −17.9 | 78.6 | 80.8 | |||||||
| Mean of Δ | 128.3 | 103.3 | 120.4 | 106.7 | 107.3 | 96.0 | 100.4 | |||||||
| Max of Δ | 302.6 | 244.0 | 268.3 | 176.9 | 148.7 | 124.8 | 134.0 | |||||||
| StD of Δ | 40.0 | 33.5 | 37.0 | 25.6 | 28.4 | 9.8 | 10.2 | |||||||
| CoV of Δ | 31.1 | 32.4 | 30.7 | 24.0 | 26.4 | 10.2 | 10.2 |